This review delved into the intricate relationship between circadian clocks and physiological processes,emphasizing their critical role in maintaining homeo-stasis.Orchestrated by interlocked clock genes,the circadian timekeeping system regulates fundamental processes like the sleep-wake cycle,energy metabolism,immune function,and cell proliferation.The central oscillator in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus synchronizes with light-dark cycles,while peripheral tissue clocks are influenced by cues such as feeding times.Circadian disruption,linked to modern lifestyle factors like night shift work,correlates with adverse health outcomes,including metabolic syndrome,cardiovascular diseases,infec-tions,and cancer.We explored the molecular mechanisms of circadian clock genes and their impact on metabolic disorders and cancer pathogenesis.Specific associ-ations between circadian disruption and endocrine tumors,spanning breast,ovarian,testicular,prostate,thyroid,pituitary,and adrenal gland cancers,are highlighted.Shift work is associated with increased breast cancer risk,with PER genes influencing tumor progression and drug resistance.CLOCK gene expression correlates with cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer,while factors like aging and intermittent fasting affect prostate cancer.Our review underscored the intricate interplay between circadian rhythms and cancer,involving the regulation of the cell cycle,DNA repair,metabolism,immune function,and the tumor microenvir-onment.We advocated for integrating biological timing into clinical consider-ations for personalized healthcare,proposing that understanding these connec-tions could lead to novel therapeutic approaches.Evidence supports circadian rhythm-focused therapies,particularly chronotherapy,for treating endocrine tumors.Our review called for further research to uncover detailed connections between circadian clocks and cancer,providing essential insights for targeted treatments.We emphasized the importance of public health interventions to mitigate lifestyle-r
The endocrine system is a fundamental type of long-range cell-cell communication that is important for maintaining metabolism,physiology,and other aspects of organismal homeostasis.Endocrine signaling is mediated by diverse blood-borne ligands,also called hormones,including metabolites,lipids,steroids,peptides,and proteins.The size and structure of these hormones are fine-tuned to make them bioactive,responsive,and adaptable to meet the demands of changing environments.Why has nature selected such diverse ligand types to mediate communication in the endocrine system?What is the chemical,signaling,or physiologic logic of these ligands?What fundamental principles from our knowledge of endocrine communication can be applied as we continue as a field to uncover additional new circulating molecules that are claimed to mediate long-range cell and tissue crosstalk?This review provides a framework based on the biochemical logic behind this crosstalk with respect to their chemistry,temporal regulation in physiology,specificity,signaling actions,and evolutionary development.
This study aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the research progress in Chinese medicine in the treatment of endocrine metabolic diseases in 2023,covering traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)monomers,TCM extracts,and TCM combinations,including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications,obesity,hyperuricaemia,and thyroid disorders.After systematic sorting and summary,we found that in 2023,the research focusing on the application of TCM for endocrine metabolic diseases was still on the mechanism of action at the cellular and molecular levels,which not only influenced the classical pathways of lipid metabolism,but also delved into the key mechanisms of anti-inflammation,anti-oxidation,anti-insulin resistance,and so on.Additionally,TCM has shown remarkable results in the treatment of endocrine metabolic diseases by improving intestinal flora disorders and abnormal cellular iron death.These research results provide valuable ideas,methods,and tools for TCM in the prevention and treatment of endocrine metabolic diseases,and provide important references and guidance for future research and practice.
Ming-Yao FanJing RuSi WangYan ChenXiao-Xia ZhangGuo-Long LiQing-Shan HaiWei-Bo WenHuan-Tian Cui
Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),a novel anti-tumor therapeutic modality,are monoclonal antibodies targeting certain immune checkpoints(ICs)that reactivate T cells to achieve anti-tumor immunity by targeting,binding,and blocking ICs.Targeted inhibitory antibodies against the ICs cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen and programmed death receptor-1 have demonstrated efficacy and durable anti-tumor activity in patients with cancer.ICs may prevent autoimmune reactions.However,ICIs may disrupt ICs properties and trigger autoimmune-related adverse reactions involving various organ systems including the cardiovascular,pulmonary,gastrointestinal,renal,musculoskeletal,dermal,and endocrine systems.Approximately 10%of patients with damage to target organs such as the thyroid,pituitary,pancreas,and adrenal glands develop endocrine system immune-related adverse events(irAEs)such as thyroid dysfunction,pituitary gland inflammation,diabetes mellitus,and primary adrenal insufficiency.However,the symptoms of immunotherapy-associated endocrine system irAEs may be nonspecific and similar to those of other treatment-related adverse reactions,and failure to recognize them early may lead to death.Timely detection and treatment of immunotherapy-associated endocrine irAEs is essential to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy,prognosis,and the quality of life of patients.This study aimed to review the mechanisms by which ICIs cause endocrine irAEs providing guidance for the development of appropriate management protocols.Here,we discuss(1)the biological mechanisms of ICs in tumorigenesis and progression,focusing on cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen and programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1;and(2)the epidemiology,clinical symptoms,diagnosis,and treatment of four immunotherapy-related endocrine complications.
Ying LiJunfeng ZhaoYue WangYali XuRuyue LiYing ZhaoXue DongXiujing YaoYintao Li
[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the occurrence levels of endocrine disruptors(EDCs)in rural areas around a county landfill in Tongren City.[Methods]The water around the landfill was sampled and analyzed.A solid-phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)method was established for the determination of 27 EDCs.After the HLB solid-phase extraction column was activated,a water sample,which was adjusted with phosphoric acid to a pH of 2(±0.5)and added with 500 mg of disodium EDTA,was loaded,and 5 ml of water and 20%methanol water was added for washing.Next,10 ml of elution solution was added for elution,and the collected eluate was evaporated under reduced pressure at 40℃to near dryness,and 1 ml of reconstitution solution was added to a constant volume.An ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(100×2.1 mm,2.6μm)chromatographic column was adopted for LC separation by gradient elution with pure water solution-acetonitrile as the mobile phase.For MS detection,the MRM mode was adopted for collection,and the positive and negative ion modes were switched for simultaneous determination,and the internal standard method was used for quantification.[Results]The correlation coefficient R2 was greater than 0.99 in the linear range of each target substance.The limits of quantitation in the method were between 0.05 and 2.00 ng/L,and the recoveries ranged from 75.3%to 105.7%.[Conclusions]The method has high sensitivity,good accuracy and strong practical value.
Dandan LIUQing LIYaohong LIUSha FENGTao MOZheng LIUXiaonan ZOU