Well-crystallized Bi2Te3 hollow spheres and nanosaws were prepared by microwave heating. Both the ionic liquid and the microwave heating play important role in the formation of the above nanostructures. Hollow spheres can not be obtained only by electronic stove heating, while the addition of ionic liquid leads to fast preparation of nanosaws structure under microwave heating conditions. The similar experimental results have been observed in the preparation of Bi2S3, Sb2S3 and Bi2Se3 nanostructures.