The primary halos of porphyry copper deposits are characterized by compositional zonhag in three dimensions. Two ideal zoning patterns can be divided in accordance with the shape of primary halos in space: bell-shaped and anticline-shaped, In the process oF alteration-minerallzation, K, Si, (OH), Fe, Cu, Mo, Ag, S, Ba, Rb,Pb, Zn, As, etc. were imported, while Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, Ti, Mn, V, Co, Sr, Pb, Zn, etc.were exported or became activated, and then transported and reprecipitated. Both import and export of Fe, Pb and Zn may have taken place. The foundamental factors controlling the zoning of primary halos are: the stability of complexes and the activity of elements; pH, Eh, the behaviour of sulfur and the sulphophile character of elements; regularities governing the concentration of a constituent and isomorphism; temperature and pressure; and tectonic setting and country-rock characters. The authors consider that the zoning patterns of primary halos in porphyry copper deposits are tke outcome of integrated effects of the factors mentioned above.
