2011年的5月至2012年的12月,对兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)人工林进行了模拟氮沉降实验,设置了4个氮沉降水平处理,分别为:对照(0 g N m-2a-1)、低氮(5 g N m-2a-1)、中氮(5 g N m-2a-1)和高氮(15 g N m-2a-1),每个处理设置3个重复样地。所施氮肥为NH4NO3,以溶液方式在生长季内每月喷施1次。采用红外气体分析法于2012年4月底—10月份,每隔15d左右测定1次树干呼吸,共测定12次。结果表明:各个氮处理下的树干呼吸速率基本与树干温度的变化一致,均呈单峰型季节变化模式,其中7月底最高、10月底最低。氮处理均提高了落叶松的树干呼吸速率,且随着氮输入水平的增加,平均树干呼吸速率呈现逐渐增强的趋势。生长季内,对照、低氮、中氮、和高氮处理条件下的树干表面释放的CO2通量分别为67.3、72.5、78.9 g C/m2和86.5 g C/m2。树干温度与树干呼吸速率存在显著的指数函数关系,而且温度敏感性(Q10)随着氮输入的逐渐升高亦随之增强,对照、低氮、中氮、和高氮处理下的Q10值分别为1.67、1.80、2.01和2.54。另外,伴随氮输入的逐渐增加,树干的氮含量也逐渐升高,树干氮含量与树干呼吸速率之间也具有一定的相关性,能够解释树干呼吸变化的38.3%。
Normal experiment methods and electron microscope scanning technique were used to compare the differences of the seed morphological characteristics and microstructure of the seed coats between Pinus sibirica and P. koraiensis . The purpose of this study is to clarify the dormancy and germination characteristics and mechanism of the seeds of P. sibirica. The results showed that the thousand\|grain weight of the measured seeds of P. sibirica was only 39 9% and 48 5% of that of P. koraiensis. The weight of outer seed coats of P. sibirica was 54 04% and 52 6% of their whole seed weight, which was lighter than that of P. koraiensis, while the weight of the seed coat of P. koraiensis was of 61 7% of their whole seed weight. Five layers were seen at the cross section of the hard seed coat of P. koraiensis under scanning electron microscope: external seed epidermis layer (external seed coat), epidermis layer, dense lithocyte layer, palisade layer and inner epidermis. There were four layers in the seed coat of P. sibirica : the external epidermis layer, epidermis layer, palisade layer, and inner epidermis. Thickness of outer seed coat of P. sibirica and P. koraiensis was 400 μm and 1 200～1 300 μm respectively. All these characteristics showed a big hindrance and the permeability barrier in the seed coat of P. sibirica, but not stronger than that of P. koraiensis.
森林土壤呼吸速率和地下碳分配是森林碳平衡的两个重要分量。本研究选择枫桦次生林和原始阔叶红松林为研究对象,测定其土壤呼吸速率和地下碳分配以及相关的环境因子。研究结果表明,生长季内枫桦次生林的土壤呼吸速率的平均值略高于原始阔叶红松林,分别为5.52和5.43μmol·m-2·s-1。土壤温度是造成土壤呼吸速率季节性变化的主要影响因子,可以分别解释两种林型土壤呼吸速率的77%和81%变异。枫桦次生林和原始阔叶红松林的Q10值分别为2.74和2.23。枫桦次生林的土壤呼吸年通量为9.66 t C·hm-2·a-1,略高于原始阔叶红松林的9.37 t C·hm-2·a-1。枫桦次生林和原始阔叶红松林的地下碳分配量分别为7.73和7.56 t·hm-2·a-1。
