用田间试验的方法揭示了不同灌溉模式和施氮处理对双季稻田氧化亚氮(N_(2)O)通量和土壤酶活性的影响。田间试验设3种灌溉模式(常规灌溉CR、“浅湿晒”灌溉TR以及干湿交替灌溉DR)和3种施氮处理(FN1:120 kg hm^(−2):20%基肥、分蘖肥与穗肥各占40%,FN2:120 kg hm^(−2):50%基肥、分蘖肥与穗肥各占25%,FN3:90 kg hm^(−2):50%基肥、分蘖肥与穗肥各占25%),通过定期测定双季稻田N_(2)O通量和土壤酶活性,探讨灌溉模式和施氮处理对稻田N_(2)O排放通量与土壤酶活性的影响,分析了N_(2)O排放通量与土壤酶活性的关系。结果表明:TR和DR模式稻田N_(2)O排放通量较CR模式分别提高92.82%和175.95%,FN3处理稻田N_(2)O排放通量较FN2处理降低39.7%。与CR模式相比,TR模式的土壤脲酶活性、DR模式的土壤羟胺还原酶和亚硝酸还原酶活性升高。双季稻田N_(2)O排放通量与土壤脲酶(晚稻田相关系数0.38;早稻田相关系数0.63)、硝酸还原酶(晚稻田相关系数0.33;早稻田相关系数0.61)和羟胺还原酶(晚稻田相关系数0.63;早稻田相关系数0.73)活性呈显著正相关。可见,不同灌溉模式和施氮处理显著影响土壤脲酶、硝酸还原酶和羟胺还原酶活性和双季稻田N_(2)O排放通量,在生产中应通过稻田水氮管理减少N_(2)O排放,以提高氮肥利用率。
The coupling of water and fertilizer is the only way for high yield, efficiency, sugar on sugarcane. On sugarcane production, the spatial and temporal controlling technology of fertigation is an important direction of the sustainable and healthy development of ecological agriculture in cane area of China. This paper reviews main achievements and advances on the coupling effect of water and fertilizer on sugarcane from time and space at home or abroad in recent years, analyzes the application prospects of the temporal and spatial coupling effect of water and fertilizer on sugarcane and puts forward some problems which need further research in future.
