Thirty two aquatic vascular plant communities and their water environments were surveyed in Jiangxi province.The communities were analysed using PCA(principal component analysis) ordination to determine the relationship between the communities and environmental factors,according to pH value,depth of water,COD, DO,NP and HM.The results showed that information in original environmental data of communities was held 71.0% in the first two components of PCA ordination,COD, DO,NP and HM were the principal factors to determine the ecological distribution of aquatic vascular plant..