鲤（Cyprinus carpio）是世界上分布最广的淡水鱼类，由于地理隔离、突变、自然和人工选择等原因，在我国历史上形成了许多鲤鱼品种，如分布于江西省婺源县的荷包红鲤（ Cyprinus carpio var. wuyuanensis）和兴国县的兴国红鲤（Cyprinus carpio var. singuonensis），它们都有近千年的养殖历史。这两个红鲤品种是我国优良的鱼类遗传育种材料，曾作为亲本生产了许多有较高经济价值的杂交种。
As lower vertebrates, fishes have complex modes of sex determination. From the cytogenetic perspective, only a small proportion of fish species have heteromorphic sex chromosomes. At the present stage sex determination can only be explained via "genetics" rather than "genes" in most species. Nevertheless, genes associated with sex determination and male development were identified in a model fish medaka, Oryzias latipes. Sequences or genetic markers specific to certain sex chromosomes were reported in some fishes. These findings lay the groundwork for further studies on the function and regulation of sex genes aiming at elucidation of the mechanism of sex determination, and provide potential tool for sexing fish. In this minireview, progress in the past few decades in both cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies on sex determination of fish were summarized. Prospects, significance and possible future directions of the studies on fish sex determination were also discussed.
