精准鉴定遗传多样性是植物资源利用和深入开展科学研究的基础。本文利用葛属3个种的叶绿体基因组序列中的物种特有的624个核苷酸变异位点作为分子性状,首次编制了分子鉴定检索表,供试样品得到成功鉴定。物种特有变异位点的数量和核苷酸构成存在种间差异。食用葛的特有变异位点的数量(576)最多,粉葛(38)和葛藤(10)的特有变异位点的数量明显较少。食用葛的特有变异位点中,4类核苷酸的比例由大到小依次为:T (26.91%)、A (26.04%)、C (24.13%)和G (22.92%),差异不大。粉葛的特有变异位点中,T (39.47%)的比例最高,随后依次为C (26.32%)、A (18.42%)和G (15.79%),T的比例是G的比例的约2.5倍。葛藤的特有变异位点数量相对稀少,其中,T的比例(50.00%)最高,是A或G的比例(20.00%)的2.5倍,是C的比例(10.00%)的5倍。结果显示,叶绿体基因组的单核苷酸变异位点信息可用于葛属植物资源遗传多样性的分子鉴定。本文调查了中国过去120多年来葛属植物标本的收集现状,讨论了存在的问题与对策。本研究对于葛属植物的分类修订、种质资源的保护和利用具有重要价值。Accurate identification of genetic diversity is the basis for utilization of plant resources and further scientific research. In this paper, 624 taxon-specific variable nucleotide sites in the complete chloroplast genome of 3 species from the genus Pueraria DC. were used as molecular traits to identify successfully the genetic resources of this plant genus and compile a molecular classification key for the first time. There are differences in aspects of amount and base composition of taxon-specific variable nucleotide sites among the species. The amount of taxon-specific variable nucleotide sites in Pueraria edulis Pamp. (576) is the highest, those in Pueraria montana var. thomsonii (Benth.) M.R. Almeida (38) and Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. (10) are significantly fewer. The proportion of T (26.91%), A (2
