药物成瘾被认为是药物长期作用于脑而产生的一种慢性复吸性脑疾病，长期反复的药物（如吗啡）滥用会导致一系列严重后果，如药物依赖、药物耐受、强迫性药物寻求等。本实验利用条件化位置偏好（conditioned place preference，CPP）模型来检测大鼠对吗啡依赖和心理渴求等过程；采用双声刺激听觉诱发电位来研究大鼠在慢性吗啡给予、戒断以及再给药过程中海马感觉门控（N40）的动态变化。吗啡组大鼠注射吗啡（10mg／kg，i．p．）12d，经历第一次戒断12d，再次注射吗啡（2．5mg／kg，i．P．）1d，之后经历第二次戒断2d；对照组大鼠注射同体积生理盐水，其余实验条件与吗啡组相同。CPP实验表明，这种药物给予方法促使大鼠对吗啡产生药物依赖和心理渴求。双声刺激诱发电位实验表明，吗啡组大鼠在吗啡给予期间海马感觉门控受到损伤；第一次戒断期的第1～2天海马感觉门控能力减弱，第3天增强，第4～12天逐渐恢复到正常水平；再次给予吗啡后海马感觉门控能力与对照组相比显著降低，并且随后2d的戒断期内海马感觉门控能力也一直保持较低水平，表明再次给药使大鼠海马感觉门控对吗啡更加敏感化。结果提示，长期反复的吗啡给予及再给药干扰了海马的感觉门控能力，吗啡成瘾对大脑可能产生长期影响。
恐惧性条件化学习的行为范式是研究情绪信息编码和储存的神经生物学机制的一个重要手段。杏仁核,尤其是外侧杏仁核(lateral nucleus of amygdala,LA),在恐惧性条件化的建立、恐惧信息的表达,以及恐惧性事件信息的存贮过程中起着非常重要的作用。本文着重论述外侧杏仁核在恐惧性条件化学习过程中的神经可塑性变化和相关的LTP机制,以及决定这种可塑性变化的分子信号转导通路。
Objective Bromocriptine and other dopamine D2 receptor agonists can affect a range of behaviors in nonhuman primates, particularly those behaviors associated with motor and mental function, such as suppressant behaviors and hallucinatory-like behaviors in monkeys. Besides bromocriptine, the dysfunction of the rapid eye movement sleep （REM） mechanism may also contribute to hallucinations. Dissociation of wakefulness, REM, and non-REM （NREM） can cause a series of psychotic symptoms. Methods In present study, we simultaneously recorded auditory evoked potentials （AEP） from five cerebral regions in monkeys during normal and psychotomimetic states to investigate and compare state-dependent changes in AEE Results Phase reversal of peak-to-baseline amplitude of 250 ms component （PBA250） in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was common characteristic of hallucinatory-like and REM, and that hallucinatory-like and REM shared the equivalent modulatory orderliness of the PBA250 in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. This result suggests that hallucinatory-like and REM share an equivalent electrophysiological modulatory in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Conclusion Our results reveal that emergence of the N250 in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is an exclusive marker that may help to discern whether hallucinatory-like behaviors is exhibited, which suggests that dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may be the most pivotal region for exhibition of hallucinatory-like behaviors.
