[Objective] The aim was to study the characteristics of microbial community in the rhizosphere soil of Dongxiang wild rice（Oryza rufipogon Griff.）.[Method] The microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen was estimated by the chloroform fumigation extraction method;the microbial community composition and Nitrogen cycling microbial functional groups were investigated by the Dilution plate culture method and the most probable number methods respectively.[Result] The microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,in rhizosphere soil of Dongxiang Wild Rice was 83.02±18.23 mg/kg soil and 16.98±2.54 mg/kg soil,which was lower than that of ordinary cultivated rice;The relationship between the number of culturable microbial groups was bacteriaactinomycetesfungi,and the Nitrogen cycling microbial physiological groups was as the following：ammonifying bacteriaaerobic azotobacteriadenitrobacteriaanaerobic azotobacterianitrobacterianitrosobacteria.[Conclusion] The microbial community in the rhizosphere soil of Dongxiang Wild Rice was different from that of the ordinary cultivated rice.
