本试验旨在探寻吉林地方鸡(吉林芦花鸡、吉林矮小芦花鸡和吉林黑鸡)及其杂交群体RB1基因多态性及特定SNP位点与屠宰、肉质性状的相关性。首先通过基因组PCR直接测序方法检测RB1基因多态性,特定SNP位点利用高分辨率溶解曲线法(High Resolution Melting,HRM)对其在不同群体间的遗传多样性进行分析,最后结合屠宰与肉质数据对不同群体内各基因型个体间进行差异显著性分析。PCR产物测序结果发现,RB1基因多态位点较为丰富,共发现6处单碱基突变和一处8碱基插入突变,但上述突变均位于内含子区。以g.28256G>A位点为目标,HRM检测发现3个亲本和6个正反杂交群体除黑鸡与矮小鸡杂交群体外其他群体中GG基因型均为优势基因型;Hardy-Weinberg检验显示除了矮小鸡群体外,其他群体均处于不平衡状态;各群体该位点均处于中度多态信息含量(Polymorphism Information Content,PIC)水平。差异性分析结果发现该位点不同基因型个体屠宰及肉质性状多个指标差异显著,但在不同群体间差异不显著。其中值得关注的是腹脂率指标,除矮小鸡群体外,各群体均表现为显著差异。地方鸡RB1基因多态性的发现及屠宰、肉质性状相关性鉴定为利用该基因进行地方鸡选育奠定了基础。
[Objective] The paper was to explore the impact of 4685 loci on CAPN1 gene of Yanbian yellow cattle and red steppe cattle on meat tenderness. [Method] The 4685 loci in 14th intron region of CAPN1 gene of Yanbian yellow cattle and red steppe cattle was conducted analysis of gene polymorphism and meat tenderness by PCR-RFLP technology, and the effect of the loci on Jilin local cattle breeds was verified. [Result] The loci had close relationship with related detection indices of meat tenderness （cooking loss, muscle fibre diameter, shear force and drip loss）, and the existence of T allele could significantly increase the tenderness level of in- dividuals, but the loci was not associated to pH value. 4685 loci was not associated to carcass traits （carcass weight, net meat weight and carcass yield ratio）, which only had certain correlation with eye muscle area. [Conclusion] The 4685 loci on CAPN1 gene of Yanbian yellow cattle and red steppe cattle had close association with meat tenderness.
