In prior research,the orientation of head of the snake-like robot is changed according to the sinusoidal wave. To solve this problem,we propose Central Pattern Generator( CPG)-based control scheme with head-controller to stabilize the head of the underwater snake-like robot. The advantage of the CPG-based control scheme with head-controller is that the head of the underwater snake-like robot is direct to the target orientation during swimming. The relation between CPG parameters and orientation stability of head is discussed.The adaptation of the proposed method to environment changes is tested. The influences of CPG parameters and hydrodynamic forces on the orientation offset of head are investigated. The target orientation( the input of headcontroller) with an experimental optimization is calculated through a convenient method. To prove the feasibility of the proposed methodology,the different swimming modes have been implemented in our simulation platform.The results show that the oscillation of head's orientation is inhibited effectively,and the proposed method has strong adaptation to environment and CPG parameters changes.
In this paper, a gait control scheme is presented for planar quadruped robots based on a biologic concept, namely central pattern generator(CPG). A CPG is modeled as a group of the coupled nonlinear oscillators with an interaction weighting matrix which determines the gait patterns. The CPG model, mapping functions and a proportional-diffierential(PD) joint controller compose the basic gait generator. By using the duty factor of gait patterns as a tonic signal, the activity of the CPG model can be modulated, and as a result, a smooth transition between diffierent gait patterns is achieved. Moreover, by tuning the parameters of the CPG model and mapping functions, the proposed basic gait generator can realize adaptive workspace trajectories for the robot to suit diffierent terrains. Simulation results illustrate and validate the effiectiveness of the proposed gait controllers.
Active heave compensation systems are usually employed in offshore and deep-sea operations to reduce the adverse impact of unexpected vessel’s vertical motion on the response of underwater instruments.This paper presents a control strategy for an active heave compensation system consisting of an electro-hydraulic system driven by a double rod actuator,which is subjected to parametric uncertainties and unmeasured environmental disturbances.Adaptive observer and discontinuous projection type updating law with bounded adaption rate are presented firstly to estimate the uncertain system parameters.Then a similar estimation algorithm is designed by using a multiple delayed version of the system to enhance the performance of parameter observation.A reduced order observer is also introduced to estimate unknown wave disturbances.Using the obtained uncertainty information,the resulting control development and stability analysis are implemented based on the Lyapunov’s direct method and back-stepping technique.The proposed controller guarantees the heave compensation error convergent to a bounded neighborhood around the origin.Simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control system.
A systematic method for swimming control of the underwater snake-like robot is still lacking. We construct a simulation platform of the underwater snake-like robot swimming based on Kane's dynamic model and central pattern generator(CPG). The partial velocity is deduced. The forces which contribute to dynamics are determined by Kane's approach. Hydrodynamic coefficients are determined by experiments. Then, we design a CPG-based control architecture implemented as the system of coupled nonlinear oscillators. The CPG, like its biological counterpart, can produce coordinated patterns of rhythmic activity while being modulated by simple control parameters. The relations between the CPG parameters and the speed of the underwater snake-like robot swimming are investigated. Swimming in a straight line, turning, and switching between swimming modes are implemented in our simulation platform to prove the feasibility of the proposed simulation platform. The results show that the simulation platform can imitate different swimming modes of the underwater snake-like robot.
In order to solve oscillation of head of the underwater snake-like robot,the Central Pattern Generator( CPG)-based control scheme with head-controller was presented. The Kane dynamic model was constructed to be processed with a commercial package MotionGenesis Kane 5. 3,to which the proposed control scheme was applied. The relation between CPG parameters and orientation offset of head was investigated. The target orientation of head-controller was calculated through a convenient method. The advantage of this control scheme is that the head of the underwater snake-like robot remains in the forward direction during swimming. To prove the feasibility of the proposed methodology,two basic motion patterns,swimming along the straight line and swimming along the curved path,had been implemented in our simulation platform. The results showed that the simulation platform can imitate the swimming of the underwater snake-like robot and the head of the underwater snake-like robot remains in a fixed orientation directed towards the target. The oscillation of head's orientation is inhibited effectively.
It will still in lack of a simulation platform used to learn the walking of underwater quadruped walking robot. In order to alleviate this shortage,a simulation platform for the underwater quadruped walking robot based on Kane dynamic model and CPG-based controller is constructed. The Kane dynamic model of the underwater quadruped walking robot is processed with a commercial package MotionGenesis Kane 5. 3. The forces between the feet and ground are represented as a spring and damper. The relation between coefficients of spring and damper and stability of underwater quadruped walking robot in the stationary state is studied. The CPG-based controller consisted of Central Pattern Generator( CPG) and PD controller is presented,which can be used to control walking of the underwater quadruped walking robot. The relation between CPG parameters and walking speed of underwater quadruped walking robot is investigated. The relation between coefficients of spring and damper and walking speed of underwater quadruped walking robot is studied. The results show that the simulation platform can imitate the stable walking of the underwater quadruped walking robot.
In this paper, a dynamic model for an underwater snake-like robot is developed based on Kane's dynamic equations. This methodology allows construction of the dynamic model simply and incrementally. The partial velocity is deduced. The forces which contribute to dynamics are determined by Kane's approach. The generalized active forces and the generalized inertia forces are deduced. The model developed in this paper includes inertia force, inertia moment, gravity, control torques, and three major hydrodynamic forces: added mass, profile drag and buoyancy. The equations of hydrodynamic forces are deduced. Kane's method provides a direct approach for incorporating external environmental forces into the model. The dynamic model developed in this paper is obtained in a closed form which is well suited for control purposes. It is also computationally efficient and has physical insight into what forces really influence the system dynamics. The simulation result shows that the proposed method is feasible.
In this paper, the kinematics and dynamics of an underwater quadruped walking robot were derived based on Kane dynamic equations. This methodology allows construction of the dynamic model simply and incrementally. The velocity and angular velocity components of an underwater quadruped walking robot were served as the generalized velocities. The forces which contribute to dynamics of an underwater quadruped walking robot were determined by Kane's approach. The equations of hydrodynamic forces of an underwater quadruped walking robot were deduced. Hydrodynamic coefficients were determined by experiments. The dynamic model was established by obtaining the generalized active forces and the generalized inertia forces. Numerical simulations of the walking behavior on underwater flat ground were implemented to verify the dynamic model of an underwater quadruped walking robot. Simulation results show that the dynamic model is correct.
