China has experienced an unprecedented urbanization and industrialization in the past decades. In this research, we examined the dynamics of construction lands and impervious surface areas (ISA) based on land use/cover change and ISA datasets between 2000 and 2008, which were provided by the national resources and environmental remote sensing information platform. The results indicated that the construction areas and ISA increased by 3468.30 and 2212.24 km 2 /a in this period primarily due to the implementation of national macro-development strategies and fast-growing economy. In 2008, ISA accounted for 0.86% of the total land area in China. Urban land areas increased by 43.46% between 2000 and 2008. The annual growth rate of 1788.22 km 2 /a in this period was 2.18 times that in the 1990s. In particular, urban ISA increased by 53.30% between 2000 and 2008 with an annual growth rate of 1348.85 km 2 /a. During the 8 years, the ISA in China increased rapidly, especially in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Metropolitan Region, Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, and the western China region. The increasing ISA may influence potentially water environmental quality in the major basins. In particular, the number of subbasins having ISA of greater than 10% increased considerably, which were primarily distributed in the Haihe River, Yangtze River and Pearl River basins. In 2008, 14.42% of the basin areas were affected by the increased ISA.
KUANG WenHuiLIU JiYuanZHANG ZengXiangLU DengShengXIANG Bao
This study investigated the regional differences of China′s urban land expansion from the late 1980s to the year of 2008, based on the spatio-temporal analysis of CLCD (China′s land cover/land use database) datasets which were mainly produced from remote sensing imagery data. A newly defined urbanization level index (UI), based on urban land area, is proposed to describe Chinese urban expansion process at 1 kilometer, provincial, regional, and na-tional scales, together with the absolute urban expansion index (UEa) and the relative urbanization expansion index (UEr). The results indicate that the percentages of total land area occupied by urban in the late 1980s, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2008 were approximately 0.25%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.43% and 0.52% of China′s total land area, respectively. Between the late 1980s and 2008, the total urban expansion in the mainland of China was 2.645 × 104 km2, resulting in an annual urban expansion area of about 1322.7 km2/yr, with the UEr of 111.9%. This study also finds that there has been an obvious spatial gradient of urbanization ratio running from the east coast to the west inland, and the urbanization gaps among different regions have persisted over the past two decades. The study also reveals obvious temporal varia-tions of the urbanization rates. There was very little urban growth during the period of 1995-2000 due to the governmental policy factors.
GLO-PEM is driven by soil moisture data of AMSR-E and PAR(Photosynthetically active radiation) which is retrieved from MODIS atmospheric data product in this paper.Using remote sensing data can overcome uncertainty brought from interpola-tion of precipitation and PAR.Comparing with observed radiation data,PAR retrieved by remote sensing is in high accuracy in this study.RMSE is 9 and 19.68 W m 2 and R2 is 0.89 and 0.67 respectively.As a result of GLO-PEM,annual total amount of NPP of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is 0.37 Pg C a-1 in 2005 2008.There is a significant linear relationship between field and simu-lated NPP.Determination coefficient reached 0.93.NPP is decrease from southeast to northwest in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.NPP changes from 0 to 1500 g C m-2 a-1.There is different limit factors of vegetation growth in west and east plateau.In the west of 450 mm rainfall line,the limit factors is precipitation.In the east of 450 mm rainfall line,temperature is the dominated factor of vegetation growth.
