Soil aggregate stability and organic carbon（OC） are regarded as effective indicators of soil structure and quality. A longterm field experiment was established in 2006 to examine the influence of tillage systems on soil aggregation and OC in a sandy loam soil in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China. The study involved eight treatments： plowing every year with（TS） and without residue（T）, plowing every 2 years with（2TS） and without residue（2T）, plowing every 4 years with（4TS） and without residue（4T）, and no plowing with（NTS） and without residue（NT）. In 2013, soil samples were collected at depths of 0–5, 5–10 and 10–20 cm, and separated into three aggregate-size classes： macroaggregates（〉250 μm）, microaggregates（53–250 μm） and the silt＋clay fraction（〈53 μm） using wet sieving method. Soil parameters measured were water-stable aggregates, geometric mean diameter（GMD）, mean weight diameter（MWD） and OC concentrations in different aggregate-size fractions and in bulk soil. The tillage treatments significantly（P〈0.05） influenced soil aggregate stability and OC distribution. Higher MWD and GMD were observed in 2TS, 4TS and NTS as compared to T. With increasing soil depth, the amount of macroaggregates and MWD and GMD values were increased, while the proportions of microaggregates and the silt＋clay fraction were declined. The OC concentrations in different aggregate fractions at all soil depths followed the order of macroaggregates〉microaggregates〉silt＋clay fraction. In the 0–5 cm soil layer, concentrations of macroaggregateassociated OC in 2TS, 4TS and NTS were 14, 56 and 83% higher than for T, whereas T had the greatest concentration of OC associated with the silt＋clay fraction in the 10–20 cm layer. Soil OC concentrations under 4TS and NTS were significantly higher（P〈0.05） than that of T in the 0–10 cm layer. Residue retention promoted formation of macroaggregates, increased macroaggregate-associated OC concentrations an
SHU XinZHU An-ningZHANG Jia-baoYANG Wen-liangXIN Xiu-liZHANG Xian-feng
为深入了解保护性耕作对土壤不同组分有机碳、氮的影响,本试验以北方潮土为研究对象,研究不同耕作方式下土壤轻组组分(LF)、重组组分(HF)以及各组分有机碳、氮(LFC、LFN、HFC、HFN)的变化。采用密度为1.7 g cm-3的碘化钾重液将土壤分离为轻组和重组。结果表明,0~20 cm土层,不同耕作方式下,土壤轻组有机碳(LFC)含量介于38.91~94.89 g kg-1之间,为土壤总有机碳(TOC)的6.89%~33.17%;轻组氮(LFN)含量介于1.03~3.47 g kg-1之间。耕作扰动导致土壤轻组有机碳、氮的损失,随着翻耕频率的增加,LF、LFC、LFN的含量显著降低;秸秆还田为土壤提供外源有机物,显著提高了土壤LFC和LFN的含量。轻组主要集中在土壤表层,随着土层深度的增加,LF、LFC、LFN的含量呈递减的趋势。由于轻组的C/N比值显著高于重组和原土,因此轻组对耕作制度和土层深度的变化更敏感。不同耕作制度下HF、HFC、HFN的含量变化不明显。少免耕能减少土壤有机碳、氮的损失,秸秆能补充土壤碳库,提高土壤氮含量,因此保护性耕作对提高土壤有机碳库,尤其对土壤轻组有机碳、氮的累积具有积极的作用。
