Biodiesel industrial production based on a solid base catalyst in a fixed-bed was simulated. The lab and bench scale experiments were carded out effectively, in which the kinetic model is established and it can describe the transesterification reaction well. The Antoine equation of biodiesel is regressed with the vapor-liquid data cited of literature. The non-random two liquid （NRTL） model is applied to describe the system of fatty acid methyl ester （FAME）, methanol and glycerol and parameters are obtained. The Ternary phase map is obtained from Aspen Plus via the liquid-liquid equilibrium （LLE） data. In order to describe the production in a fixed-bed performs in industrial scale after being magnified 1 000 times, the Aspen Plus simulation is employed, where two flowsheets are simulated to predict material and energy consumption. The simulation results prove that at least 350. 42 kW energy consumption can be reduced per hour to produce per ton biodiesel compared with data reported in previous references.
γ-MnO2 nanorobs and Au/γ-MnO2 catalysts were synthesized and characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction XRD the scanning electron microscope SEM and transmission electron microscope TEM . The characterizations show that Au particles are well dispersed on the surface of γ-MnO2 nanorobs with a particle size of about 10 nm.The catalytic performance is evaluated in solvent-free toluene oxidation with oxygen. The influences of several process parameters such as reaction time reaction temperature initial oxygen pressure and catalyst amounts on the catalytic performance are studied.Catalytic results reveal that Au/γ-MnO2 catalyst has a unique selectivity to benzaldehyde and all these factors greatly influence the conversion of toluene and selectivity of bezaldehyde benzoic acid and benzyl benzoate.However these factors have slight influence on the selectivity of benzyl alcohol.
In situ surface synthesis of Ca–Mg–Al hydrotalcite(HT) on inorganic ceramic membrane(CM) was investigated with urea as precipitator. The effects of molar ratio of raw materials, crystallization time, and temperature on surface synthesis of HT were examined. The as-prepared HT/CM samples were characterized by XRD and SEM and an in situ growth mechanism of HT on CM was proposed. KF/HT/CM obtained by loading potassium fluoride(KF) on the HT layer by impregnation and calcination method was used as catalyst for transesterification between palm oil and methanol. The comparison of KF/HT/CM and pure KF/HT powder under identical reaction conditions shows that the production of fatty acid methyl ester is equivalent, which means that the use of inorganic catalytic membrane in the transesterification is a viable alternative.
