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国家自然科学基金(40125005)

作品数:10 被引量:342H指数:7
相关作者:骆永明吴龙华孙小峰夏家淇滕应更多>>
相关机构:中国科学院环境保护部南京环境科学研究所辽宁大学更多>>
发文基金:国家自然科学基金国家重点基础研究发展计划国家高技术研究发展计划更多>>
相关领域:农业科学环境科学与工程天文地球更多>>

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10 条 记 录,以下是 1-10
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不同铜水平下海洲香薷的生理特性和铜积累研究被引量:50
2002年
本文研究了Cu对耐性植物海洲香薷(Elsholtzia splendens)的生长、Cu积累、叶绿素含量和根系活力的影响,探讨了后2项生理指标与海洲香薷Cu积累之间的关系。研究结果表明:1) 低浓度Cu可促进海洲香薷生长(0.31~50 mmol/L),但随着其浓度的增加出现抑制现象(75~100 mmol/L)。2)叶绿素a及叶绿素b受Cu的影响规律一致。100 mmol/L的高Cu处理可显著降低这两者含量,其余Cu处理水平没有产生显著影响。3)随着Cu浓度的增加根系活力呈现不断下降的趋势。与其余处理相比,Cu浓度高于75 mmol/L时影响达显著水平。4) 地上部和根系Cu浓度、积累量均随着Cu处理浓度的增加而增加,但地上部分Cu积累水平未达到超积累植物的要求。
李华骆永明宋静
关键词:海洲香薷铜积累生理特性
Extractability of Cu in Alkaline Biosolids-Amended Soilsas Influenced by γ-Irradiation
2002年
An incubation experiment was conducted to investigate themicrobial biomass associated Cu in four contrasting soils to which analkaline stabilised sewage sludge cake was applied. The organisms ofsludge- amended and control soils were killed using γ-irradiationtechnique, and the aqueous and acid-extractable Cu concentrationswere determined. Addition of the sludge product increasedsignificantly the concentration of both the aqueous and diluteHOAc-extractable Cu in all the irradiated soils compared to thenon-sterilised sludge/soil mixtures, but the increase was morepronounced in the dilute acid-extractable Cu, indicating that the Curendered extractable in water and dilute acetic acid by γ-irradiation existed in the both soil liquid and solid phases. Theadditional increase in extractable Cu following the biocidaltreatment is likely to be due to release of Cu from the same fractionof soil microbial biomass.
LUOYONGMINGP.CHRISTIE
Cu and Zn Speciation in an Acid Soil Amended withAlhalline Biosolids被引量:3
2002年
Fractionation of metals in acid sandy loam soil amended withalkaline-stabilised sewage sludge biosolids was conducted in order toassess metal bioavailability and environmental mobility. Soilsolution was extracted by a centrifugation and filtration technique.Meal speciation in the soil solution was determined by a cationexchange resin method. Acetic acid and EDTA extracting solutions wereused for extraction of metals in soil solid surfaces. Metaldistribution in different fractions of soil solid phase wasdetermined using a three-step sequential extraction scheme.
LUO YONGMINGInstitute of Soil Science, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008 (China)
Tolerance of Grasses to Heavy Metals and Microbial Functional Diversity in Soils Contaminated with Copper Mine Tailings被引量:19
2008年
Copper (Cu) mine tailings, because of their high content of heavy metals, are usually hostile to plant colonization. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the tolerance of four forage grasses to heavy metals in Cu mine tailings and to examine the variation in the microbial functional diversity of soils from the tailing sites in southern China. All the four grass species survived on Cu mine tailings and Cu mine tailing-soil mixture. However, on pure mine tailings, the growth was minimal, whereas the growth was maximum for the control without mine tailings. The tolerance of grasses to heavy metals followed the sequence: Paspalum notatum 〉 Festuea arundinaeea 〉 Lolium perenne 〉 Cynodon daetylon. The planting of forage grasses enhanced the soil microbial biomass. The Biolog data indicated that the soil microbial metabolic profile values (average well color development, community richness, and Shannon index) of the four forage grasses also followed the sequence: P. notatum 〉 F. arundinaeea 〉 L. perenne 〉 C. daetylon. Thus, P. notatum, under the experimental conditions of this study, may be considered as the preferred plant species for revegetation of Cu mine tailing areas.
TENG YingLUO Yong-MingHUANG Chang-YongLONG JianLI Zhen-GaoP. CHRISTIE
有机修复剂在重金属污染土壤修复中的应用被引量:37
2006年
有机修复剂在重金属污染土壤修复中具有举足轻重的作用.本文结合国内外的研究成果和最新研究进展,从土壤重金属污染修复中有机修复剂应用的发展状况、应用机理、优缺点、影响因素以及成功实例等几个方面论述了国内外有机修复剂的研究现状,列举了几种应用较为广泛的有机修复剂(如氨基多羧基酸、有机酸、有机质、生物乳化剂等)的最新研究进展,总结了影响有机修复剂使用的主要因素,指出目前有机修复剂在实际应用中可能出现的问题,同时对今后的发展方向进行了展望.
孙小峰吴龙华骆永明
关键词:土壤重金属污染
土壤修复——新兴的土壤科学分支学科被引量:83
2005年
本文在回顾国内外土壤修复研究与发展概况的基础上,首次提出土壤修复是一门新兴的土壤科学分支学科,全面系统地论述了我国土壤修复学科的研究任务和战略定位,并针对新形势下所面临的挑战与机遇,探讨了近期土壤修复学科研究的重要方向与科学问题。
骆永明滕应过园
关键词:土壤修复
Effect of Alkaline-Stabilised Sewage Sludge on Extractable Organic Carbon and Copper in Soils被引量:4
2002年
An incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential for water contamination with sludge-derived organic substances and copper following land application of alkaline-stabilised sewage sludge. Twocontrasting sludge-amended soils were studied. Both soils were previously treated with urban and ruralalkaline biosolids separately at sludge application rates of 0, 30 and 120 t ha-1 fresh product. The air-driedsoil/sludge mixtures were wetted with distilled water, maintained at 40 % of water-holding capacity andequilibrated for three weeks at 4 ℃ before extraction. Subsamples were extracted with either distilled wateror 0.5 mol L-1 K2SO4 solution. The concentrations of organic C in the aqueous and chemical extractswere determined directly with a total organic carbon (TOC) analyser. The concentrations of Cu in the twoextracts were also determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry The relationship between the twoextractable organic C fractions was examined, together with that between extractable organic C concentrationand extractable Cu concentration. Application of alkaline biosolids increased the concentrations of soil mobileorganic substances and Cu. The results are discussed in terms of a possible increase in the potential forleaching of sludge-derived organics and Cu in the sludge-amended soils.
LUOYONGMINGP.CHRISTIE
Alleviation of Soil Acidity and Aluminium Phytotoxicityin Acid Soils by Using Alkaline-Stabilized Biosolids被引量:7
2002年
A pot experiment was catried out to study alleviation of soil acidity and Al toxicity by applying analkaline-stabilised sewage sludge product (biosolids) to an acid clay sandy loam (pH 5.7) and a strongly acidsandy loam (pH 4.5). Barley (Hondeum vulgare L. cv. Forrester) was used as a test crop and was grownin the sewage sludge-amended (33.5 t sludge DM ha-1) and unamended soils. The results showed that thealka1ine biosloids increased soil pH from 5.7 to 6.9 for the clay sandy loam and from 4.5 to 6.0 for the sandyloam. The sludge product decreased KCl-extractable Al from 0.1 to 0.0 cmol kg-1 for the former soil andfrom 4.0 to 0.1 cmol kg-1 for the latter soil. As a result, barley plants grew much better and grain yieldincreased greatly in the amended treatments compared with the unamended controls. These observationsindicate that alkaline-stabilised biosolids can be used as a liming material for remedying Al phytotoxicity instrongly acid soils by increasing soil pH and lowering Al bioavailability.
LUOYONGMINGP.CHRISTIE
关于土壤污染的概念和3类评价指标的探讨被引量:105
2006年
就当前各方对土壤污染概念认识的差别进行了讨论,提出以土壤环境背景值、土壤环境质量第二级标准值和土壤污染临界值作为区域和场地土壤污染评价的3类指标的建议。3类指标的取值及含义为:(1)土壤环境背景值上限值:采用当地数值。这是揭示当前土壤是否有污染物进入的临界点,是保持当前土壤良好状态的目标值。若土壤中化学物质含量高于此值,则要警惕,要找出和控制污染源,防止污染物继续进入,以保护土壤环境质量。(2)土壤环境质量标准:采用通用的GB 15618第二级标准值。这是初步判断和识别当地土壤是否受污染的筛选值。若化学物质含量低于此值,说明土壤未受污染,不须进行深入调研;若高于此值,则土壤可能受污染,但要依据深入调研或风险评估而定。(3)土壤污染临界值:通过对当地土壤污染的风险评估,得出土壤污染临界值。这是揭示土壤是否受污染的阈值。若化学物质含量高于此值,说明土壤已受污染,应研究提出修复污染土壤与控制污染源的方案。
夏家淇骆永明
关键词:土壤污染土壤环境质量标准风险评估
修复植物产后处置技术现状与展望被引量:38
2005年
针对修复植物的类型、特点、应用潜力探讨了修复植物的处置方法,如焚烧法、压缩填埋法、堆肥法等,有的还可使超积累植物残体得到回收利用,避免其对环境造成“二次污染”。同时指出了目前修复植物处置存在的问题及今后应重视的研究方向,以期为修复植物的资源化综合利用提供途径与方法,为植物修复应用和推广奠定技术基础。
李宁吴龙华孙小峰李法云骆永明
关键词:超积累植物资源化植物修复
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