The mucosal immune system defends against a vast array of pathogens, yet it exhibits limited responses to commensal microorganisms under healthy conditions. The oral-pharyngeal cavity, the gateway for both the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, is composed of complex anatomical structures and is constantly challenged by antigens from air and food. The mucosal immune system of the oral-pharyngeal cavity must prevent pathogen entry while maintaining immune homeostasis, which is achieved via a range of mechanisms that are similar or different to those utilized by the gastrointestinal immune system. In this review, we summarize the features of the mucosal immune system,focusing on T cell subsets and their functions. We also discuss our current understanding of the oral-pharyngeal mucosal immune system.
The present study evaluated the expression of key molecules and the status of DNA in both oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) and adjacent tissues to establish a molecular surgical boundary and provide a cancer progression model. Biopsy samples from 50 OSCC patients were divided into T(cancer), P1(0–0.5 cm), P2(0.5–1 cm), P3(1–1.5 cm) and P4(1.5–2 cm) groups based on the distances from the visible boundary of the primary focus. Twenty samples of normal mucosa were used as controls. We used immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry to evaluate p53, p21CIP1/WAF1, e IF4 E and Ki-67 expression and to determine DNA status, respectively. Sub-mucosal invasion was present in the P1 and P2 groups as determined by haematoxylin and eosin staining.Mutant p53 expression decreased gradually from cancerous to normal mucosae, whereas p21CIP1/WAF1 expression displayed an opposite trend. e IF4 E expression decreased from cancerous to normal mucosae. Ki-67 expression, the heteroploidy ratio, S-phase fraction and proliferative index decreased gradually with the distance from the tumour centre. Based on these results, we suggest that the resection boundary in OSCC surgery should be beyond 2 cm from the tumour. Additionally, the adjacent tissues of the primary focus could be used as a model for assessing cancer progression.
Yi LiBo LiBo XuBo HanHui XiaQian-Ming ChenLong-Jiang Li
Our previous salivary study had demonstrated an apparent T helper 2(Th2)-predominance in saliva of oral lichen planus(OLP) patients and suggested a potential of salivary interleukin-4(IL-4) as a biomarker for monitoring disease severity. To further determine the consistency of Th1/Th2 bias of OLP, this study investigated the expression profile of interferon-c(IFN-c) and IL-4 in serum and the relationship of the serum levels of these cytokines with their saliva partners. Sixty ethnic Chinese patients with OLP(40 of the erythematous/ulcerative form and 20 of the reticular form) were recruited for this study, with 40 age–sex-matched healthy volunteers as control group. IFN-c and IL-4 levels in serum and paired saliva samples were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. OLP patient showed a low-level IFN-c but high-level IL-4 expression profile in both serum and saliva, with a lower IFN-c/IL-4 ratio. Serum IL-4 level in the erythematous/ulcerative group was significantly higher than that in the reticular group. Serum levels of IFN-c and IL-4 were significantly and positively correlated with their saliva partners. These results provided more evidence for Th2 cytokinepredominant immune imbalance in OLP, as well as the potential of IL-4 as the biomarker for monitoring severity of OLP.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is one of the most common cancers worldwide,and with 354864 new cases each year.Cancer metastasis,recurrence,and drug resistance are the main causes to cripples and deaths of OSCC patients.As potent growth factors,fibroblast growth factors(FGFs)are frequently susceptible to being hijacked by cancer cells.In this study,we show that FGF8 is upregulated in OSCC tissues and high FGF8 expression is related with a set of clinicopathologic parameters,including age,drinking,and survival time.FGF8 treatment enhances the invasive capability of OSCC cells.Lentivirus-based FGF8 expression promotes OSCC metastasis in a mouse lung metastasis model.Further,mechanistic study demonstrates that FGF8 induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition(EMT)in OSCC cells.These results highlight a pro-metastatic function of FGF8,and underscore the role of FGF8 in OSCC development.
The worldwide incidence of bone disorders and conditions has been increasing. Bone is a nanomaterials composed of organic(mainly collagen) and inorganic(mainly nano-hydroxyapatite) components, with a hierarchical structure ranging from nanoscale to macroscale. In consideration of the serious limitation in traditional therapies, nanomaterials provide some new strategy in bone regeneration. Nanostructured scaffolds provide a closer structural support approximation to native bone architecture for the cells and regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration, which results in the formation of functional tissues. In this article,we focused on reviewing the classification and design of nanostructured materials and nanocarrier materials for bone regeneration, their cell interaction properties, and their application in bone tissue engineering and regeneration. Furthermore, some new challenges about the future research on the application of nanomaterials for bone regeneration are described in the conclusion and perspectives part.
Tao GongJing XieJinfeng LiaoTao ZhangShiyu LinYunfeng Lin
the joint team between Prof.Chen Qianming’s laboratory at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and He Yang’s laboratory at the Regenerative Medicine Research Center,Sichuan University,reported the"Complex self-assembly of pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine nucleoside supramolecular structures",which was published and listed
