Single-pulse and double-pulse optical emission spectroscopy(OES)analyses were carried out in air by using ultrashort laser pulses at atmospheric pressure.The aim of this work is to use spectroscopic methods to analyze the early phase of laser-induced plasma after the femtosecond laser pulse.The temporal behavior of emission spectra of air plasma has been characterized.In comparison with the single-pulse scheme,the plasma emission obtained in the double-pulse scheme presents a more intense continuum along with several additional ionic lines.As only one line is available in the single-pulse scheme,the plasma temperature measurements were performed using only the relative line-to-continuum intensity ratio method,whereas the relative line-to-line intensity ratio method and the relative line-to-continuum intensity ratio method were used simultaneously to estimate the electron temperature in the double-pulse scheme.The results reveal that the temperature values obtained by the two methods in the double-pulse scheme agree.Moreover,this shows that the relative line-to-continuum intensity ratio method is suitable for early phase of laser-induced plasma diagnostics.The electron number density was estimated using the Stark broadening method.In the early phase of laser-induced plasma,the temporal evolution of the electron number density exhibits a power law decrease with delay time.
We theoretically investigate the electron dynamics of the high-order harmonics generation process by combining a near-infrared 800 nm driving pulse with a mid-infrared 2000 nm control field.We also investigate the emission time of harmonics using time-frequency analysis to illustrate the physical mechanisms of high-order harmonic generation.We calculate the ionization rate using the Ammosov-Delone-Krainov model and interpret the variations in harmonic intensity for different control field strengths and delays.We find that the width of the harmonic plateau can be extended when the control electric field is added,and a supercontinuum from 198 to 435 eV is generated,from which an isolated 61-as pulse can be directly obtained.
Within the framework of the dynamical classical over-barrier model,the soft collisions between slow highly charged ions(SHCIs) Ar 17+ and the large copper clusters under large impact parameters have been studied in this paper.We present the dominant mechanism of the electron transfer between SHCIs and a large metal cluster by computational simulation.The evolution of the occupation of projectile ions,KL x satellite lines,X-ray yields,Auger electron spectrum and scattering angles are provided.
A new concept of neutron detector based on Gas Electron Multiplier(GEM) technology is presented in this paper,in which a novel multi-layer high density polyethylene(HDPE) as neutron-to-proton converter is proposed and studied with Geant4 toolkit for fast 14 MeV neutron.Our preliminary results show that the detection efficiency of the detector with 400 converter units is higher than 2.3% and reconstruction accuracy of the incident neutron position is higher than 2.6%.
The ionization time in sequential double ionization with an elliptically polarized laser pulse has been examined theo-retically using a semiclassical method. The significant discrepancy between the ionization time for parallel and anti-parallel electron emission is predicted numerically for the first time. The impact of the carrier envelope phase offset is also studied in this work.
