Methane(CH4), carbon dioxide(CO2) and nitrous oxide(N2O) are known to be major greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. To identify the flux dynamics of these greenhouse gases is, therefore, of great significance. In this paper, we conducted a comparative study on an alpine grassland and alpine wetland at the Bayinbuluk Grassland Eco-system Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences. By using opaque, static, manual stainless steel chambers and gas chromatography, we measured the fluxes of CH4, N2O and CO2 from the grassland and wetland through an in situ monitoring study from May 2010 to October 2012. The mean flux rates of CH4, N2O and CO2 for the experimental alpine wetland in the growing season(from May to October) were estimated at 322.4 μg/(m2?h), 16.7 μg/(m2?h) and 76.7 mg/(m2?h), respectively; and the values for the alpine grassland were –88.2 μg/(m2?h), 12.7 μg/(m2?h), 57.3 mg/(m2?h), respectively. The gas fluxes showed large seasonal and annual variations, suggesting weak fluxes in the non-growing season. The relationships between these gas fluxes and environmental factors were analyzed for the two alpine ecosystems. The results showed that air temperature, precipitation, soil temperature and soil moisture can greatly influence the fluxes of CH4, N2O and CO2, but the alpine grassland and alpine wetland showed different feedback mechanisms under the same climate and environmental conditions.
GuiXiang HEKaiHui LIXueJun LIUYanMing GONGYuKun HU
随着我国经济的不断发展,人为活动导致的大气氮沉降显著升高,并已影响到偏远地区的生态系统.为了系统评价天山中部巴音布鲁克高寒草原的大气氮沉降现状,2010年5月至2011年12月对研究区域的氮素干、湿沉降进行观测分析.结果表明:研究区气态HNO3、NH3和NO2的年沉降通量分别为1.47、0.68和0.13 kg N·hm-2,颗粒物中铵态氮(NH4+)和硝态氮(NO3-)的年通量分别为0.23、0.25 kg N·hm-2;降水中NH4+-N和NO3--N的年沉降通量分别为2.47和1.59 kg N·hm-2.巴音布鲁克高寒草原的大气氮沉降通量为6.82kg N·hm-2.其中,湿沉降为4.06 kg N·hm-2·a-1,干沉降为2.76 kg N·hm-2·a-1.研究区氮沉降具有明显的季节变化特征:干沉降主要集中在春、夏季,占干沉降总量的72.1%;湿沉降主要集中在夏、秋季,占湿沉降总量的78.3%.
