利用气候模式Community Atmosphere Model(CAM3.1)作为工具,在保持模式陆-气之间能量、水量守恒的状况下,通过在其陆面模式Community Land Model(CLM3.0)中引入了未冻水过程,改变了冻土中的水热属性,分析了欧亚区域气候对冻土变化的敏感性、东亚季风对冻土变化的响应等相关问题.研究发现:(1)未冻水过程较为显著的改变土壤中冰、水比例,其对地表温度、土壤温度有显著影响.(2)欧亚区域(包括东亚)气候对冻土变化较为敏感,1月海平面阿留申低压有所加强,500hPa乌拉尔阻塞高压减弱,东亚大槽减弱.7月阿留申群岛地区海平面气压显著减弱,500hPa位势高度大陆有显著的负异常,海洋有显著的正异常.(3)1月东亚地区850hPa风场南风分量增大,冬季风减弱;7月大陆气旋性异常,海洋反气旋性异常,东部沿海地区夏季风加强.(4)东亚夏季降水有显著改变,其中青藏高原南部、长江流域中部地区和东北地区降水显著增大,华南、海南岛地区显著较少,我国中部、华北地区减少,但不显著.进一步分析发现,30°N附近,有显著的空气上升运动,其南北两侧有显著的下沉运动,中高纬度太平洋暖湿气流在东北与北方冷空气汇合,这些因素是上述降水异常的主要原因.
Antarctic sea-ice oscillation index with a seesaw pattern is defined using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis girds data of monthly Antarctica sea-ice concentration from 1979 to 2002.The relationships between the index of winter and the summer precipitations in China as well as the onset date of the summer East Asia monsoon are presented.The study result shows that the grids of correlation coefficients passed 5% confidence level between Antarctic sea-ice oscillation index and Antarctic sea-ice concentration are more than 1/3 of all grids of Antarctica sea-ice,that means the index can represent 1/3 sea-ice area.The winter index has a significant correlation with abnormal summer(June-August) precipitation in China.The area of positive correlation lies in the Yangtze River basin and its south,and that of negative correlation lies mainly in the north of Yangtze River basin.While the winter index is positive(negative),the onset date of South China Sea monsoon is earlier(later),with a probability of 79%(80%).Consequently, a conceptual model is given in term of discussing the possible process between the winter Antarctic sea ice and the monsoon precipitation in China.
