Each vertex of a graph G = （V, E） is said to dominate every vertex in its closed neighborhood. A set S C V is a double dominating set for G if each vertex in V is dominated by at least two vertices in S. The smallest cardinality of a double dominating set is called the double dominating number dd（G）. In this paper, new relationships between dd（G） and other domination parameters are explored and some results of [1] are extended. Furthermore, we give the Nordhaus-Gaddum-type results for double dominating number.
A k-adjacent strong edge coloring of graph G(V, E) is defined as a proper k-edge coloring f of graph G(V, E) such that f[u] ≠ f[v] for every uv ∈ E(G), where f[u] = {f(uw)|uw ∈ E(G)} and f(uw) denotes the color of uw, and the adjacent strong edge chromatic number is defined as x'as(G) = min{k| there is a k-adjacent strong edge coloring of G}. In this paper, it has been proved that △ ≤ x'as(G) ≤ △ + 1 for outer plane graphs with △(G) ≥ 5, and X'as(G) = △ + 1 if and only if there exist adjacent vertices with maximum degree.
