采用密度泛函理论研究Au-Pd和Au-Pt纳米团簇催化解离N2O.首先根据计算得到Au19Pd和Au19Pt团簇的最优构型(杂原子均位于团簇的表面).以Au19Pd催化解离N2O为例研究催化解离的反应机理.对此主要考虑两个反应机理,分别是Eley-Rideal(ER)和Langmuir-Hinshelwood(LH).第一个机理中N2O解离的能垒是1.118 e V,并且放热0.371 e V.N2分子脱附后,表面剩余的氧原子沿着ER路径消除需要克服的能垒是1.920e V,这比反应沿着LH路径的能垒高0.251 e V.此外根据LH机理,氧原子在表面的吸附能是-3.203 e V,而氧原子在表面转移所需的能垒是0.113 e V,这表明氧原子十分容易在团簇表面转移,从而促进氧气分子的生成.因此,LH为最优反应路径.为了比较Au19Pd和Au19Pt对N2O解离的活性,根据最优的反应路径来研究Au19Pt催化解离N2O,得到作为铂族元素的铂和钯对N2O的解离有催化活性,尤其是钯.同时,将团簇与文献中的Au-Pd合金相比较,得到这两种团簇对N2O解离有较高的活性,尤其是Au19Pd团簇.再者,O2的脱附不再是影响反应的主要原因,这可以进一步提高团簇解离N2O的活性.
We applied periodic density-functional theory to investigate the adsorption of HCN on x Ni@Pt（111） bimetallic surfaces（x = 1~4）. The results have been compared with those obtained on pure Ni（111） and Pt（111） surfaces. For all bimetallic surfaces,HCN is preferentially tilted with the CN bond parallel to the surface,and adsorption energies increase with an increasing number of layer Ni atoms on the surface. The adsorption energies of HCN on all bimetallic surfaces are larger than that on the Pt（111） surface,whereas the adsorption energies of HCN on 3Ni@Pt（111） and 4Ni@Pt（111） are larger than that on the Ni（111） surface,indicating that the introduction of Ni to the Pt catalyst could increase the activity of bimetallic catalyst in the hydrogenation reaction for nitriles. Larger adsorption energy of HCN leads to a longer C–N bond length and a smaller CN vibrational frequency. The analysis of Bader charge and vibrational frequencies showed obvious weakening of the adsorbed C–N bond and an indication of sp2 hybridization of both carbon and nitrogen atoms.
Density functional theory calculations have been performed to study the interaction of small silver clusters, Ag2-Ag9, with HCN. The adsorption of HCN on-top site of the silver cluster, among various possible sites, is energetically preferred. The adsorption energies of HCN on the silver clusters reach a local maximum at n = 4, which is only about 0.450 eV, indicating that the adsorbed HCN molecule is weakly perturbed. The adsorbed C-N and C-H stretching frequencies are blue- and red-shifted compared with the values of free HCN, respectively.
The electron transport properties of various molecular junctions based on the thiol-ended oligosilane are investigated through density functional theory combined with non-equilibrium Green＇s function formalism. Our calculations show that oligosilanes doped by the phenyl and -C10H6 groups demonstrate better rectifying effect and their rectification ratios are up to 15.41 and 65.13 for their molecular junctions. The current-voltage （I-V） curves of all the Au/ modified oligosilane/Au systems in this work are illustrated by frontier molecular orbitals, transmission spectra and density of states under zero bias. And their rectifying behaviors are analyzed through transmission spectra.
ZHANG Rong-FangYANG ELI YiLIN Li-XiangLING Qi-Dana
The adsorptions of a series of alkali metal （AM） atoms, Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs, on a Si（001）-2 × 2 surface at 0.25 monolayer coverage have been investigated systematically by means of density functional theory calculations. The effects of the size of AM atoms on the Si（001） surface are focused in the present work by examining the most stable adsorption site, diffusion path, band structure, charge transfer, and the change of work function for different adsorbates. Our results suggest that, when the interactions among AM atoms are neglectable, these AM atoms can be divided into three classes. For Li and Na atoms, they show unique site preferences, and correspond to the strongest and weakest AM-Si interactions, respectively. In particular, the band structure calculation indicates that the nature of Li-Si interaction differs significantly from others. For the adsorptions of other AM atoms with larger size （namely, K, Rb and Cs）, the similarities in the atomic and electronic structures are observed, implying that the atom size has little influence on the adsorption behavior for these large AM atoms on the Si（001） surface.
Periodic density functional theory calculations have been performed to investigate the chemisorption behavior of COz molecule on a series of surface alloys that are built by dispersing individual middle-late transition metal （TM） atoms （TM = Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Os, lr, Pt, Au） on the Cu（100） and Cu（lll） surfaces. The most stable configurations of CO2 chemisorbed on different TM/Cu surfaces are determined, and the results show that among the late transition metals, Co, Ru, and Os are potentially good dopants to enhance the chemisorption and activation of CO2 on copper surfaces. To obtain a deep understanding of the adsorption property, the bonding characteristics of the adsorption bonds are carefully examined by the crystal orbital Hamilton population technique, which reveals that the TM atom primarily provides d orbitals with z-component, namely dz2, dxz, and dvz orbitals to interact with the adsorbate.
Carbon dioxide adsorbed on different kinds of CaO surfaces has been investigated with the help of the first principle density functional theory plane wave calculations. Various possible configurations have been considered and the calculated results showed that CO2 was strongly adsorbed by C atom bonded with the CaO （001） and （110） surfaces with adsorption energies of 1.38 and 3.22 eV, respectively. The adsorption of CO2 molecule on defect surfaces is complicated compared with that on the pristine surfaces. The adsorption energy of CO2 absorbed on the CaO（110） surface is larger than that of CaO（001） surface when the type of defect surface is the same.
We applied periodic density-functional theory to investigate the adsorption of C2H2 on the Cu/Pt bimetallic and monometallic surfaces, including Cu-Pt-Pt and Pt--Cu-Pt representing the monolayer Cu on the Pt surface and subsurface Cu in the Pt surface, respectively. For the Pt（111） and Pt-Cu-Pt surfaces, C2H2 is preferentially a 3-fold “parallel-bridge” configuration, and a ＂p-bridge＂ structure exists above the Cu（111） and Cu-Pt-Pt surfaces. The adsorption energy of C2H2 on these surfaces decreases in the order Pt（111） 〉 Cu-Pt-Pt 〉 Pt-Cu-Pt 〉 Cu（11）. The analysis of density of states, charge, and vibrational frequencies showed obviously weakening of the adsorbed C-C bond and high sp2 character on the carbon atom. Furthermore, when the top-layer compositions are equal, the nearer the EF d-band center is, the larger the C2H2 adsorption energy will be.
