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国家自然科学基金(41271036)

作品数:7 被引量:52H指数:4
相关作者:徐世琴金博文吉喜斌纪文静更多>>
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发文基金:国家自然科学基金国家重点基础研究发展计划江苏省教育厅哲学社会科学基金更多>>
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典型固沙植物梭梭生长季蒸腾变化及其对环境因子的响应被引量:18
2015年
蒸腾是植物重要的生理活动之一,受到多个环境要素的综合影响。该文利用热平衡包裹式茎干液流仪Flow32监测系统,对河西走廊中段绿洲—荒漠过渡带主要固沙植物梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)生长季的蒸腾过程进行连续监测,并分析了其对环境要素的响应。结果表明:(1)梭梭茎干液流速率随枝直径的增加而增加,液流密度随枝直径的增加而降低,梭梭液流密度日变化呈多峰特征,整个生长季液流密度变化比较稳定。(2)主成分分析表明第1、2、3主成分能够分别解释环境信息49%、15%、12%的变化,第一主成分中水汽压亏缺、光合有效辐射及气温反映了大气的蒸腾需求。(3)S型模型对液流密度日变化模拟精度达到0.86,考虑时滞效应后模拟精度提高至0.9,降水天气条件下模拟精度降低至0.65。(4)液流密度对主要环境要素存在非对称响应,同光合有效辐射呈逆时针环状,同水汽压亏缺、蒸腾需求指数呈顺时针环状。
徐世琴吉喜斌金博文
关键词:主成分分析茎干液流
Root distribution of three dominant desert shrubs and their water uptake dynamics被引量:3
2017年
Aims Root architecture is a crucial determinant in the water use of desert shrubs.However,lack of integrated research on the root functional type and water uptake dynamic hinders our current understanding of the water-use strategies of desert species.Methods A field experiment was conducted to investigate the root functional type of three dominant desert species,Haloxylon ammodendron,Nitraria tangutorum and Calligonum mongolicum,and the dynam-ics of their root water uptake.the stem sap flow and microclimate were monitored,and the intact root systems of these shrubs were excavated in their native habitats on the oasis-desert ecotone of northwestern china during the summer of 2014.Important Findings Based on root functional type,H.ammodendron is phreatophytic,while N.tangutorum and C.mongolicum are non-phreatophytic species,which means H.ammodendron can utilize multiple potential water sources,N.tangutorum and C.mongolicum mainly utilize shallow and middle soil water.the average root water uptake rates(RWU)of H.ammodendron,N.tangutorum and C.mongolicum were 0.56(±0.12),1.18(±0.19)and 1.31(±0.30)kg m^(−2)h^(−1),respectively,during the experimental period;the contributions of night-time RWU to total water uptake amount for the corresponding species were 12.7,2.9 and 10.6%,respec-tively.the diurnal and seasonal dynamics of RWU in the three species were significantly different(P<0.05),and closely related to environmental variables,especially to photosynthetically active radiation and vapor pressure deficit.Our results suggested that the three species have distinct water-use patterns in combination with the patterns of root distribution,which may alleviate water competition during long-term water shortages.H.ammodendron appears to be more drought tolerant than the other species due to its use of multiple water sources and stable water uptake rates during growing season.
Shiqin XuXibin JiBowen JinJinglin Zhang
Spatio-temporal variation in transpiration responses of maize plants to vapor pressure deficit under an arid climatic condition被引量:4
2016年
The transpiration rate of plant is physically controlled by the magnitude of the vapor pressure deficit(VPD) and stomatal conductance. A limited-transpiration trait has been reported for many crop species in different environments, including Maize(Zea mays L.). This trait results in restricted transpiration rate under high VPD, and can potentially conserve soil water and thus decrease soil water deficit. However, such a restriction on transpiration rate has never been explored in maize under arid climatic conditions in northwestern China. The objective of this study was to examine the transpiration rate of field-grown maize under well-watered conditions in an arid area at both leaf and whole plant levels, and therefore to investigate how transpiration rate responding to the ambient VPD at different spatial and temporal scales. The transpiration rates of maize at leaf and plant scales were measured independently using a gas exchange system and sapflow instrument, respectively. Results showed significant variations in transpiration responses of maize to VPD among different spatio-temporal scales. A two-phase transpiration response was observed at leaf level with a threshold of 3.5 k Pa while at the whole plant level, the daytime transpiration rate was positively associated with VPD across all measurement data, as was nighttime transpiration response to VPD at both leaf and whole plant level, which showed no definable threshold vapor pressure deficit, above which transpiration rate was restricted. With regard to temporal scale, transpiration was most responsive to VPD at a daily scale, moderately responsive at a half-hourly scale, and least responsive at an instantaneous scale. A similar breakpoint(about 3.0 k Pa) in response of the instantaneous leaf stomatal conductance and hourly canopy bulk conductance to VPD were also observed. At a daily scale, the maximum canopy bulk conductance occurred at a VPD about 1.7 k Pa. Generally, the responsiveness of stomatal conductance to VPD at the canopy scale was l
ZHAO WenzhiJI Xibin
国内旅游者消费行为的频次分异特征研究——以江苏省为例被引量:1
2014年
旅游者消费过程可以区分为旅游前、旅游中和旅游后三大阶段,旅游者三大阶段的消费特征既反映了旅游接待地市场需求特点,又是旅游地进行开发建设、旅游地营销的重要依据.以江苏国内旅游者为例,分析了国内旅游者在旅游前、旅游中和旅游后三大阶段中的旅游动机、信息获取途径、旅游产品、出游方式、旅游项目偏好及购物偏好等方面的行为出游频次分异特征.
纪文静
关键词:国内旅游者
Water balance and migration for maize in an oasis farmland of northwest China被引量:1
2014年
Water balance and migration characteristics are vital to the establishment of an efficient irrigation management system. Based on the observed data including microclimate and growing parameters of maize from 2009 to 2012, actual evapotranspiration during the growth period was estimated by a combination of the FAO-56 crop coefficient approach and the Penman–Monteith model; the changes in soil water storage were estimated through the monitored water content at different depths from 0 to 3 m;the water content monitoring zone was divided into three sub-zones according to the water-balance characteristics of different soil layers and water monitoring data. On these bases, in combination of water-balance model, three aspects were analyzed: water-balance characteristics at different growth stages; water-balance characteristics in the three different sub-zones; and water-migration characteristics of ten sunny days following irrigation. These analyses revealed severe deep leakage under present irrigation management, which could be remedied by limiting onetime irrigation practices and increasing irrigation frequency. Additionally, some practical suggestions are provided for different growing stages.
Liwen ZhaoWenzhi Zhao
关键词:水平衡绿洲农田监测数据
西北干旱区典型固沙植物夜间耗水及其影响因素被引量:8
2015年
利用热平衡包裹式Flow32茎干液流仪和环境要素监测系统研究了河西走廊中段典型固沙植物梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)、白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)、沙拐枣(Calligonum mongolicum)夜间液流活动特征,分析影响3种植物夜间耗水的主要环境因素及其利用途径。结果表明:(1)梭梭、白刺、沙拐枣茎干夜间液流密度在前半夜(20:00~0:00)较大且迅速降低,在后半夜(0:00~6:00)仍有微弱液流密度且波动较大;梭梭、白刺、沙拐枣的夜间液流密度差异极显著,平均夜间液流密度依次为3.73、1.12、6.07g·cm^-2·h^-1,且在典型降雨天气条件下3种植物夜间液流活动明显减弱。(2)在观测期间,总夜间耗水量与基茎显著相关,但3种植物夜间耗水分配在不同月份间差异不显著;梭梭、白刺、沙拐枣夜间耗水对日总耗水贡献率变化范围分别为1%~30%、0.1%~16%和1.5%~20%。(3)饱和水汽压差和风速仅能解释梭梭、沙拐枣、白刺夜间液流密度24%、25%、27%的变化,3种植物夜间液流主要用以茎干补水。
徐世琴吉喜斌金博文
关键词:茎干液流单因素方差分析荒漠植物
典型荒漠植物沙拐枣茎干液流密度动态及其对环境因子的响应被引量:24
2016年
采用热平衡包裹式茎干液流仪和微气象监测系统,模拟中国西北河西走廊中段荒漠生态系统典型固沙植物沙拐枣2014年6—9月茎干液流变化过程.结果表明:沙拐枣茎干液流密度日变化呈宽幅单峰型,其峰值滞后于光合有效辐射峰值约30 min,提前于气温和水汽压亏缺峰值约120 min,其日变化与这3个环境因子日变化之间存在非对称性响应.观测期间,茎干液流密度变化与大气蒸腾需求密切相关,光合有效辐射、气温和水汽压亏缺是影响沙拐枣茎干液流密度的主要气象因子.构建的基于茎干液流密度与气象因子响应关系的模型,能够比较准确地模拟不同天气条件沙拐枣液流密度的变化,而且经过时滞校正模型模拟精度进一步提高,但是该模型对低液流密度和夜间液流密度存在低估,这主要与植物的生理特征有关.
徐世琴吉喜斌金博文
关键词:茎干液流时滞效应
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