采集了忻州市4个监测点位采暖季和非采暖季环境空气PM10样品,利用Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH vario EL cube测定有机碳(organic carbon,OC)和元素碳(elemental carbon,EC)的质量浓度,通过OC和EC的时空分布、比值以及相关性分析揭示忻州市的碳组分污染特征.结果表明,忻州市PM10中OC和EC的平均质量浓度分别为(18.5±4.5)μg·m-3和(16.1±4.3)μg·m-3,采暖季和非采暖季TCA占PM10的比例分别为70.7%和43.8%;4个监测点位采暖季OC的质量浓度均高于非采暖季,XT、DC和KQ监测点采暖季EC的质量浓度高于非采暖季,SQ监测点则相反,采暖季燃煤是OC和EC的主要来源;监测点XT的OC质量浓度最高,为24.1μg·m-3,DC的EC质量浓度最高,为22.0μg·m-3,SQ的OC和EC质量浓度最低,分别为17.2μg·m-3和14.5μg·m-3,区域性污染特征存在差异;OC/EC均值小于2,一次污染严重;非采暖季OC与EC浓度相关性较好(R2=0.55),二者排放源单一,主要来源为机动车尾气排放,采暖季相关性不显著(R2=0.13),二者排放源复杂.忻州市主要通过控制燃煤、机动车尾气、生物质燃烧、工业源等的一次排放来减轻碳组分污染,进而提高环境空气质量.
This study set out to assess the characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon （PAH） emission from coking industries, with field samplings conducted at four typical coke plants. For each selected plant, stack flue gas samples were collected during processes that included charging coal into the ovens （CC）, pushing coke （PC） and the combustion of coke-oven gas （CG）. Sixteen individual PAHs on the US EPA priority list were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry （GC/MS）. Results showed that the total PAH concentrations in the flue gas ranged from 45.776 to 414.874 μg/m3, with the highest emission level for CC （359.545μg/m3）, The concentration of PAH emitted from the CC process in CP1 （stamp charging） was lower than that from CP3 and CP4 （top charging）. Low-molecular-weight PAHs （i.e., two- to three-ring PAHs） were predominant contributors to the total PAH contents, and Nap, AcPy, Flu, PhA, and AnT were found to be the most abundant ones. Total BaPeq concentrations for CC （2.248 μg/m3） were higher than those for PC （ 1.838 μg/m3 ） and CG （1.082 μg/m3 ）, and DbA was an important contributor to carcinogenic risk as BaP in emissions from coking processes. Particulate PAH accounted for more than 20% of the total BaPeq concentrations, which were significantly higher than the corresponding contributions to the total PAH mass concentration （5%）. Both particulate and gaseous PAH should be taken into consideration when the potential toxicity risk of PAH pollution during coking processes is assessed. The mean total-PAH emission factors were 346.132 and 93.173μg/kg for CC and PC, respectively.
Ling MuLin PengJunji CaoQiusheng HeFan LiJianqiang ZhangXiaofeng LiuHuiling Bai
