目的评价大气颗粒物污染引起我国城市居民伤残调整寿命年（disability adjusted life years，DALYs）的损失。方法以2006年我国656个城市的城市人口作为暴露人口，以国家控制大气质量监测体系中各城市的可吸入颗粒物（particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10microns，PM20）年均浓度为暴露水平，应用DALYs指标，评价我国城市大气颗粒物污染的人群健康效应。结果2006年大气颗粒物污染能引起我国城市居民（50．66±9．52）万例早逝，（15．66±4．12）万例慢性支气管炎患者，（1264．05±522．97）万例内科门诊患者，（9．99±5．04）万例心血管疾病住院患者和（7．20±0．82）万例呼吸系统疾病住院患者。2006年归因于城市大气颗粒物污染的DALYs损失总计为（526．22±99．43）万人年，其中由早逝引起的百分率为96．26％（506．55／526．22）。城市颗粒物污染越重，城市人口越多，则相应的DALYs损失越大。结论大气颗粒物污染已对我国城市居民的健康造成了较大的影响，从公共卫生的角度说明了加强治理大气污染的必要性和迫切性。
Objective The study is to investigate the associations between visibility, major air pollutants and daily counts of hospital admission in Shanghai, China. Methods Daily data on hospital admission, visibility, and air pollution during 2005‐2008 were obtained from the Shanghai Insurance Bureau (SHIB), Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, and Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, respectively. The generalized additive model (GAM) with penalized splines was used to examine the associations between daily visibility and hospital admission. Results Among various pollutants, PM 2.5 showed strongest correlation with visibility. Decreased visibility was significantly associated with increased risk of hospital admission in Shanghai. An inter‐quartile range decrease in the 2‐day (L01) moving average of visibility corresponded to 3.66% (95%CI: 1.02%, 6.31%), 4.06% (95%CI: 0.84%, 7.27%), and 4.32% (95%CI: 1.67%, 6.97%) increase of total, cardiovascular, and respiratory hospitalizations, respectively. Conclusion Our analyses provide the first piece of evidence in China, demonstrating that decreased visibility has an effect on hospital admission, and this finding strengthens the rationale for further limiting air pollution levels in Shanghai.
