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作品数:12 被引量:64H指数:5
相关作者:周怀阳彭晓彤蒋磊姚会强吴自军更多>>
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Biomineralization of phototrophic microbes in silica-enriched hot springs in South China被引量:6
2007年
Microbial mats in two hot springs in South China were sampled for the research of mineralization of microbes and its mechanism by the methods of geology and modern biology. The results show that hot spring microbes have the key capability for enrichment of Si, Al, Fe, Ca and other elements, and the microbes are also crucial for the formation of SiO2, CaCO3, clay and so on. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play important roles in the process of mineralization of hot spring microbes, which mainly takes place in the layer of EPS outside cell wall or sheath of cyanobacteria. The sheath outside cell wall, which keeps the normal metabolism of cyanobacteria during the process of mineralization on its surface, is also considerable for the biomineralization of cyanobacteria. According to structure and mineralization characteristics of two microbial mats, the process of mineralization can be divided into three stages, namely, early surface mineralization, middle degradation mineralization, and late des- quamation of mineral. The above conclusions are significant for comprehension of the process of mineralization, the process of deposition and the preservation of microfossil in modern and ancient extreme environments.
PENG XiaoTong ZHOU HuaiYang WU ZhiJun JIANG Lei TANG Song YAO HuiQiang
Ultrastructural Evidence for a Novel Accumulation of Ca in a Microbial Mat from a Slight Acidic Hot Spring
2010年
Microbial mats are ecosystems that can control or induce the precipitation of calcium(Ca) carbonate on Earth through geological time.In the present study,we report on a novel accumulation of Ca,together with iron(Fe),in a microbial mat collected from a slight acidic hot spring(pH=5.9) in south China.Combining an array of approaches,including environmental scanning electron microscopy,X-ray microanalysis,transmission electron microscopy,and selected area electron diffraction,we provide ultrastructral evidence for amorphous acicular aggregates containing Ca and Fe associated with cyanobacteria precipitating in the microbial mats.Cyanobacterial photosynthesis and exopolymeric organic matrixes are considered to be responsible for the precipitation of Ca.These amorphous acicular aggregates might imply the early stage of calcification occurring in microbial mats.Ca and Fe coprecipitation indicates another potential important way of inorganic element precipitation in hot spring microbial mats.Our results provide insight into the possible mechanism of cyanobacterial calcification and microfossil preservation in slight acidic hot spring environments.
PENG Xiaotong ZHOU Huaiyang YAO Huiqiang, LI Jiangtao WU Zijun
关键词:CYANOBACTERIACALCIFICATION
氧化亚铁硫杆菌与毒砂相互作用的阶段性及其机理研究被引量:8
2008年
设计了毒砂的生物氧化和化学氧化两组对比实验,并对反应35d的溶液化学、固相产物成分和矿物表面元素化合态变化进行了分析,以说明氧化亚铁硫杆菌(A.ferrooxidans)与毒砂的相互作用机理。研究发现,毒砂的生物氧化过程随A.ferrooxidans菌生长规律分为三个阶段:(1)反应前7d,生物氧化作用还很弱,以自然氧化反应为主;(2)反应8~21d,生物氧化反应开始发生,细菌进入迟缓生长期;(3)反应22~35d,细菌处于对数生长期,生物氧化作用强烈。由离子浓度变化规律反映,前两个阶段生物氧化速率低于化学氧化,第三阶段起生物氧化速率高于化学氧化。细菌生长受溶液累积的As抑制,A.ferrooxidans菌能促进As和Fe形成砷酸铁沉淀,以降低As的抑制作用。毒砂表面高价态元素的比例随细菌生长和溶液Fe离子浓度的升高而增大,生物氧化第三阶段毒砂表面高价态元素的比例高于化学氧化。氧化过程中毒砂表面覆盖中间氧化产物S0和As2S3沉积层,对比化学氧化,A.ferrooxidans菌能不断把Fe2+氧化成Fe3+,促进毒砂表面中间产物氧化,并间接氧化毒砂。
张珊珊周怀阳彭晓彤
关键词:氧化亚铁硫杆菌毒砂生物氧化
热泉微生物的矿化作用和机制:来自华南富硅热泉光合自养微生物席中的证据被引量:4
2007年
热泉微生物是地球极端生命体的重要表现形式,它们不但对于研究地球生命起源和生命演化意义重大,而且在地球成矿过程中发挥了重要作用.以采自中国广东省境内两处热泉光合自养微生物席为研究对象,运用地质学和现代生物学的微观研究方法,对其中的微生物矿化作用和机制进行了研究.结果表明,热泉微生物席对Si,Al,Fe和Ca等多种元素具有重要的富集能力,在SiO2,CaCO3和黏土等热泉矿物形成过程中所起的作用不容忽视.胞外聚合物质(EPS)在热泉微生物矿化过程中扮演了重要的角色,矿化过程主要限制在蓝细菌细胞壁外或鞘层外的EPS层中发生.细菌壁外发育的鞘层同样对于蓝细菌的生物矿化意义重大.由于鞘层的存在,一些蓝细菌在表面矿化发生的同时,还能进行正常的新陈代谢活动.根据两处微生物席的多种矿化特征,提出将热泉微生物席的矿化过程划分为早期表面矿化、中期降解矿化和晚期矿物脱落等3个阶段.上述认识,对于理解发生在现代和古代热泉环境中的矿化过程、沉积过程以及微化石保存过程均具有重要的意义.
彭晓彤周怀阳吴自军蒋磊唐松姚会强陈光谦
关键词:热泉蓝细菌EPS生物矿化
氧化亚铁硫杆菌对黄铁矿、黄铜矿和磁黄铁矿的生物氧化作用研究被引量:26
2007年
以氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans)为实验菌株,对黄铁矿、黄铜矿和磁黄铁矿的生物氧化过程进行了实验研究.结果表明,在A.ferrooxidans菌作用下3种硫化物的氧化过程具有不同的特征.三者的氧化速率存在差异,即:磁黄铁矿>黄铜矿>黄铁矿.黄铁矿生物氧化过程中pH总体呈下降趋势,而黄铜矿和磁黄铁矿生物氧化过程中溶液pH则呈先上升再下降的趋势.由于黄铁矿反应溶液pH较低,在反应过程中无明显的沉淀作用发生,而黄铜矿和磁黄铁矿氧化过程中产生了元素硫和黄钾铁矾沉淀.黄铁矿的平整表面和溶蚀坑中均有细菌吸附,并且溶蚀坑的形状与细菌外形较相似,可能是吸附于黄铁矿表面的细菌分泌出的有机酸导致其表面的微区溶解所致.在黄铁矿表面未发现生物膜形成,而黄铜矿和磁黄铁矿表面均有生物膜形成.构成生物膜的A.ferrooxidans菌被胞外聚合物质(EPS)包裹,生物膜被沉淀物质所覆盖.实验结果显示了黄铁矿、黄铜矿和磁黄铁矿具有不同的生物氧化过程,造成这种差异的主要原因可能是矿物自身性质以及反应溶液pH的影响.
蒋磊周怀阳彭晓彤
关键词:氧化亚铁硫杆菌黄铁矿黄铜矿磁黄铁矿生物氧化
Bio-oxidation of galena particles by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans被引量:2
2008年
This paper deals with the bio-oxidation of galena particles (-80 meshes) using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and compares it with Fe^3+ oxidation. Experimental results show that, at least, 0.00197 mol galena was leached from lOOmL pulp (density of 3.8%) with 39 days' bio-oxidation, as compared to 0.00329 mol galena by Fe^3+ with 9 days' oxidation. Because Fe^3+ was constantly consumed, leaching by Fe^3+ almost stopped after 9 days. Large amounts of lead sulfate were detected in both bio-oxidation and Fe^3+ oxidation of galena. A. ferrooxidans followed a unique growth pattern during the bio-oxidation of galena. In the initial 15 days, the bacteria attached themselves to the galena surface with the formation of erosion pits similar in shape and length to those of the bacteria, and there were hardly any bacteria suspended in the solution. After 15 days, suspended bacteria increased. It is thus suggested that A. ferrooxidans may directly oxidize galena.
Lei JiangHuaiyang ZhouXiaotong PengZhonghao Ding
关键词:GALENABIO-OXIDATION
Microbe-related precipitation of iron and silica in the Edmond deep-sea hydrothermal vent field on the Central Indian Ridge被引量:6
2007年
Microbial mats, several millimeters thick and brown-yellow to white in color, were collected in hollow inside of chimney structure from Edmond hydrothermal field on the Central Indian Ridge. Microbes with shapes of rod and helical stalk-like filaments were observed in the microbial mats, and are com- monly characterized by their cells completely encrusted by thick mineralized layers, made up of large amounts of amorphous silica and minor amounts of iron oxides. Transmission Electron Microscope observation has demonstrated that the acicular Fe-bearing matter was not only heterogenously dis- tributed on the surface of the cell wall, but also deposited in the inside of cell, suggesting that bio-precipitation of Fe had occurred both on the surface and in the interior of cell. Microbial silicification was also commonly found in the mats. Silica usually precipitated homogeneously on the surface of the microbes and forms micro-laminated layers, which might be controlled by the inorganic process of precipitation in hydrothermal environment. The biomineralization phenomenon in the mi- crobial mats showed that the precipitation of Fe and Si was closely related to microbes in hydrothermal environment. Considering that hydrothermal activities provided required chemical elements for miner- alization, it is suggested that this biomineralization process also might be driven by hydrothermal ac- tivities at the sea floor to some extent.
PENG XiaoTongZHOU HuaiYangYAO HuiQiangLI diangTaoTANG SongJIANG LeiWU ZiJun
关键词:生物矿化硅石热液
Growth history of hydrothermal chimneys at EPR 9―10°N:A structural and mineralogical study被引量:3
2005年
Based on structural and mineralogical characteristics of four hydrothermal chimney samples collected by submersible Alvin, growth history and formation environment of hydro-thermal chimney at EPR 9―10°N are established. It is shown that there occur two types of hydrothermal chimney with different deposition environments at EPR 9―10°N according to dif-ferences in their shape, structure and mineral assemblage: type I chimney forms in an environ-ment with high temperature, low pH and strong reducing hydrothermal focus flow and type II chimney forms in a relatively low temperature, high pH and rich Zn hydrothermal environment. Growth of type I chimney begins with the formation of anhydrite. Subsequently deposition of Cu-Fe-Zn sulphide in various directions of chimneys decides the final structure of this type of chimney. According to observation and analysis of mineral assemblages, the formation process of type I chimney could be divided into three stages from early, middle to late. Changes of tem-perature and major chemical reaction type in the process of hydrothermal chimney formation are also deduced. Different from type I chimney, quenching crystalline of pyrite and/or crystalline of sphalerite provide the growth foundation of type II chimney in the early stage of chimney forma-tion.
PENG Xiaotong ZHOU Huaiyang
关键词:EPRHYDROTHERMAL
Detection of methane plumes in the water column of Logatchev hydrothermal vent field,Mid-Atlantic Ridge被引量:4
2007年
During DY105-17 cruise onboard the R/V "Da Yang Yi Hao" in 2005,methane concentrations in the wa-ter column above Logachev hydrothermal vent field were measured by applying stripping/trapping-gas chromatographic (GC) and the distinct methane plumes were detected. Results show that the back-ground methane concentration within the Logachev area is from 1.05 nmol/L to 1.68 nmol/L,signifi-cantly higher than the background level of the Atlantic abyssal plain of 0.4―0.5 nmol/L,suggesting that hydrothermal venting is a major source of dissolved methane to the ocean. The highest anomalies of methane concentrations in the water column range from 7.14 nmol/L to 113.9 nmol/L and occur just at 180―500 m above the seafloor. The distribution of methane concentration and the structural charac-teristics of hydrothermal plumes are strongly influenced by the supply of underlying hydrothermal fluids,the mixing process of ocean bottom currents and the microbial oxidation. Furthermore,the dif-ferences in distribution of methane plume between the station MAR-CTD3 and the other stations indi-cate a probable unknown hydrothermal vent site nearby. There occurs high concentration of methane along with temperature and nephelometry anomalies,which strongly confirms that the subtle meas-urement of methane concentration in water column is one of the effective ways to locate active sites of hydrothermal venting.
ZHOU HuaiYangWU ZiJunPENG XiaoTongJIANG LeiTANG Song
关键词:甲烷
大西洋洋中脊Logatchev热液场水柱中甲烷羽状流的探测被引量:5
2007年
利用吹扫捕集法在“大洋一号”船上现场探测到Logatchev热液场水柱上方及附近存在明显的甲烷羽状流.测定结果显示,热液区海水甲烷背景含量为1.05~1.68nmol/L,明显高于大西洋深海平原正常海水甲烷背景值(0.4~0.5nmol/L),表明热液系统是海水溶解甲烷的重要来源之一;在垂直剖面上,甲烷含量最大异常值的变化范围为7.14~113.90nmol/L,其对应的水深为离海底180~500m.羽状流中甲烷浓度分布以及羽状流的结构特征可能受下方热液喷发供应、洋流混合和微生物氧化消耗等过程控制.另外,MAR-CTD3站甲烷的分布规律明显不同于其他站位,可能暗示周围存在新的热液喷口.探测到甲烷羽状流之处同时还伴随温度和浊度的异常,有力证明了甲烷羽状流的存在是找寻海底热液活动地点最有效的手段之一.
周怀阳吴自军彭晓彤蒋磊唐松姚会强
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