Stem cells have shown great application potential in wound repair,tissue regeneration,and disease treatment.Therefore,a full understanding of stem cells and their related regulatory mechanisms in disease treatment is conducive to improving the therapeutic effect of stem cells.However,thus far,there are still many unsolved mysteries in thefield of stem cells due to technical limitations,which hinder the in-depth exploration of stem cells and their wide clinical application.Single-cell sequencing(SCS)has provided very powerful and unbiased insights into cell gene expression profiles at the single-cell level,bringing exciting results to the stem cellfield.At present,SCS has been widely applied in thefield of stem cells,covering various aspects,including lineage tracing the development of stem cells,identifying new stem cell types,exploring cellular heterogeneity,and identifying internal functional subpopulations.In this paper,we focus on the latest research progress and discuss the application of SCS technology in stem cells.
In a perfect quantum key distribution(QKD)protocol,quantum states should be prepared and measured with mutually unbiased bases(MUBs).However,in a practical QKD system,quantum states are generally prepared and measured with imperfect MUBs using imperfect devices,possibly reducing the secret key rate and transmission distance.To analyze the security of a QKD system with imperfect MUBs,we propose virtual MUBs to characterize the quantum channel against collective attack,and analyze the corresponding secret key rate under imperfect state preparation and measurement conditions.More generally,we apply the advantage distillation method for analyzing the security of QKD with imperfect MUBs,where the error tolerance and transmission distance can be sharply improved.Our analysis method can be applied to benchmark and standardize a practical QKD system,elucidating the security analysis of different QKD protocols with imperfect devices.
