This work introduces special states for light in multimode fibers featuring strongly enhanced or reduced correlations be-tween output fields in the presence of environmental temperature fluctuations.Using experimentally measured multi-tem-perature transmission matrix,a set of temperature principal modes that exhibit resilience to disturbances caused by tem-perature fluctuations can be generated.Reversing this concept also allows the construction of temperature anti-principal modes,with output profiles more susceptible to temperature influences than the unmodulated wavefront.Despite changes in the length of the multimode fiber within the temperature-fluctuating region,the proposed approach remains capable of robustly controlling the temperature response within the fiber.To illustrate the practicality of the proposed spe-cial state,a learning-empowered fiber specklegram temperature sensor based on temperature anti-principal mode sensi-tization is proposed.This sensor exhibits outstanding superiority over traditional approaches in terms of resolution and accuracy.These novel states are anticipated to have wide-ranging applications in fiber communication,sensing,imaging,and spectroscopy,and serve as a source of inspiration for the discovery of other novel states.
Aqueous zinc-metal based batteries(AZMBs)perfectly combine safety,economy and pro-environment,but their performance is arresting limited by the interfacial instability caused by the large desolvation energy barrier of[Zn(H2O)6]^(2+)and the massive release of active water at the electrolyte/electrode interface.In this review,we briefly outline the solvation structure of zinc ions and the necessity of desolvation.Subsequently,the variety of strategies to solve these issues,mainly including reorganizing solvation sheath by changing electrolyte environment and accelerating interface desolvation by constructing artificial interfacial layer,are categorically discussed and systematically summarized.Meanwhile,perspectives and suggestions regarding desolvation theories,interfacial evolution,material design and analysis techniques are proposed to design highly stable zinc anodes.
Global interest in lithium-sulfur batteries as one of the most promising energy storage technologies has been sparked by their low sulfur cathode cost,high gravimetric,volumetric energy densities,abundant resources,and environmental friendliness.However,their practical application is significantly impeded by several serious issues that arise at the cathode-electrolyte interface,such as interface structure degradation including the uneven deposition of Li_(2)S,unstable cathode-electrolyte interphase(CEI)layer and intermediate polysulfide shuttle effect.Thus,an optimized cathode-electrolyte interface along with optimized electrodes is required for overall improvement.Herein,we comprehensively outline the challenges and corresponding strategies,including electrolyte optimization to create a dense CEI layer,regulating the Li_(2)S deposition pattern,and inhibiting the shuttle effect with regard to the solid-liquid-solid pathway,the transformation from solid-liquid-solid to solid-solid pathway,and solid-solid pathway at the cathode-electrolyte interface.In order to spur more perceptive research and hasten the widespread use of lithium-sulfur batteries,viewpoints on designing a stable interface with a deep comprehension are also put forth.
Mengting LiuLing-Jiao HuZhao-Kun GuanTian-Ling ChenXin-Yu ZhangShuai SunRuoli ShiPanpan JingPeng-Fei Wang
Plasmonic nanoantennas provide unique opportunities for precise control of light–matter coupling in surface-enhanced infrared absorption(SEIRA)spectroscopy,but most of the resonant systems realized so far suffer from the obstacles of low sensitivity,narrow bandwidth,and asymmetric Fano resonance perturbations.Here,we demonstrated an overcoupled resonator with a high plasmon-molecule coupling coefficient(μ)(OC-Hμresonator)by precisely controlling the radiation loss channel,the resonator-oscillator coupling channel,and the frequency detuning channel.We observed a strong dependence of the sensing performance on the coupling state,and demonstrated that OC-Hμresonator has excellent sensing properties of ultra-sensitive(7.25%nm^(−1)),ultra-broadband(3–10μm),and immune asymmetric Fano lineshapes.These characteristics represent a breakthrough in SEIRA technology and lay the foundation for specific recognition of biomolecules,trace detection,and protein secondary structure analysis using a single array(array size is 100×100μm^(2)).In addition,with the assistance of machine learning,mixture classification,concentration prediction and spectral reconstruction were achieved with the highest accuracy of 100%.Finally,we demonstrated the potential of OC-Hμresonator for SARS-CoV-2 detection.These findings will promote the wider application of SEIRA technology,while providing new ideas for other enhanced spectroscopy technologies,quantum photonics and studying light–matter interactions.
Dongxiao LiHong ZhouZhihao RenCheng XuChengkuo Lee
The present study presents an assessment of the interrelations between long-chain branching,specific nucleation,and end-use properties of polypropylene blends:blends of linear polypropylene(L-PP)and long-chain branched polypropylene(LCB-PP)modified by a specificβ-nucleating agent(NA).Specimens with various LCB-PP compositions with and without NA were prepared under complex flow fields by injection molding.Wide-angle X-ray scattering was employed to capture the X-ray patterns of both the skin and core of the specimens,determining the overall crystallinity and amounts of individual polymorphs.The increasing content of LCB-PP andγ-phase,at the same time,in the blends is reflected in both increasing crystallinity and improved mechanical properties,namely,yield stress and Young’s modulus.On the other hand,the composition of the blends had no significant effect on the impact strength,except for nucleated L-PP.It has been demonstrated that adding a relatively small amount of LCB-PP is sufficient to modify the mechanical properties of linear polypropylene.Even a very small amount of LCB-PP in the L-PP suppressed the effectiveness of NA.
The pursuit of advanced sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)has been intensified due to the escalating demand for sustainable energy storage solutions.A W-doped P2-type layered cathode material,Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.246)W_(0.004)Mn_(0.75)O_(2)(NNWMO),has been developed to address the limitations of traditional cathode materials.Compared to the pristine Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.25)Mn_(0.75)O_(2)(NNMO),NNWMO exhibits improved reversible capacity,excellent cycle performance,and remarkable rate performance.It can deliver an increased discharge capacity of 142.20 mAh/g at 0.1 C,with an admirable capacity retention of 80.5% after 100 cycles at high voltage.In situ XRD results demonstrate that the rivet effect related to the strong W—O bonds inhibits irreversible phase transition and enhances structural reversibility during charge/discharge processes.High-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction results confirm successful lattice doping of W^(6+)and increased layer spacing,contributing to favorable sodium ion diffusion kinetics.Density-functional theory(DFT)calculation results further reveal that the smoother Na+ion diffusion dynamics is attributed to the reduced migration energy barrier of Na^(+)with the insertion of W^(6+).This study provides valuable insights into the design of high-performance cathode materials for next-generation SIBs,showcasing the potential for more efficient,stable,and enduring energy storage solutions.
Hang FanLei XuYing LeiJianying LiTinghong HuangWeifeng FanYun Zhang
Gas quenching and vacuum quenching process are widely applied to accelerate solvent volatilization to induce nucleation of perovskites in blade-coating method.In this work,we found these two pre-crystallization processes lead to different order of crystallization dynamics within the perovskite thin film,resulting in the differences of additive distribution.We then tailor-designed an additive molecule named 1,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)thiourea to obtain films with fewer defects and holes at the buried interface,and prepared perovskite solar cells with a certified efficiency of 23.75%.Furthermore,this work also demonstrates an efficiency of 20.18%for the large-area perovskite solar module(PSM)with an aperture area of 60.84 cm^(2).The PSM possesses remarkable continuous operation stability for maximum power point tracking of T_(90)>1000 h in ambient air.
Mengen MaCuiling ZhangYujiao MaWeile LiYao WangShaohang WuChong LiuYaohua Mai
Mg-1.2Y-1.2Ni(at.%)alloy was extruded at 400℃with an extrusion ratio of 16:1 and different rates from 1 to 6 mm/s.The effect of extrusion rate on microstructure and mechanical properties of the Mg-1.2Y-1.2Ni alloy was systematically investigated.With the increase of extrusion rate,the average recrystallized grain size of Mg-1.2Y-1.2Ni alloy and mean particle diameter of Mg2Ni phase were increased,while the density of geometrically necessary dislocation and the intensity of the basal texture were decreased.When extrusion rate increases from 1 to 6 mm/s,the tensile yield strength(TYS)of asextruded Mg-1.2Y-1.2Ni alloy decreases from 501 to 281 MPa,while the elongation to failure increases from 1.5%to 6.2%.The Mg-1.2Y-1.2Ni alloy extruded at 3 mm/s obtained TYS of 421 MPa,the ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of 440 MPa and elongation to failure of 2.6%,respectively,exhibiting comprehensive mechanical properties with relatively good plasticity and ultrahigh strength.The ultrahigh TYS of 501 and 421 MPa was mainly due to the strengthening from ultrafine recrystallized grains,high volume fraction long period stacking ordered(LPSO)phases and high density dislocations.
